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Publication Type:
| Report |
Content Type: | Abstract or Summary only |
Author(s): | Ramsdale, Brad K.;
Messersmith, Calvin G. |
Author Affiliation: | Ramsdale: Postdoctoral Research Fellow; and Messersmith: Professor, Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND |
Title: | Adjuvant and herbicide concentration influences herbicide absorption |
Section: | Equipment and application methods Other records with the "Equipment and application methods" Section
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Meeting Info.: | Columbus, OH: December 14-16, 1999 |
Source: | Proceedings of the North Central Weed Science Society. Vol. 55, December 2000, p. 115-116. |
Publishing Information: | Champaign, IL: North Central Weed Science Society |
Keywords: | TIC Keywords: Adjuvants; Herbicide concentrations; Absorption; Imazethapyr; Nicosulfuron; Phytotoxicity; Herbicides
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Abstract/Contents: | "Experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to determine the effect of adjuvant and herbicide concentration on imazamox, imazethapyr, nicosulfuron, and tralkoxydim absorption. Treatments were either a single 0.5-μL drop or four 0.5-μL drops of herbicide plus adjuvant applied to the second leaf of a two-leaf oat plant. Treatments for imazamox, imazethapyr, and nicosulfuron included methylated vegetable oil (MVO) at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, or 8% v/v or nonionic surfactant (NIS) at 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, or 2% v/v. Treatments for tralkoxydim included methylated vegetable oil or Supercharge (methylated vegetable oil plus pH buffers) adjuvant, each at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, or 8% v/v. Percent fresh weight reduction was measured to estimate treatment effects on herbicide absorption. Imazamox and imazethapyr phytotoxicity increased as NIS concentration increased for both high (one-drop) and low (four-drops) herbicide concentrations. Conversely, imazethapyr phytotoxicity increased as MVO concentration increased when applied in one-drop, but was similar for all MVO concentrations when herbicide concentration was diluted and applied in four-drops. Imazamox phytotoxicity was generally similar for all MVO concentrations when applied in one-drop, and increased when applied in four-drops. Nicosulfuron phytotoxicity increased as NIS concentration increased when applied in one-drop. However, when diluted and applied in four-drops, nicosulfuron phytotoxicity increased as NIS concentration increased from 0.125% to 0.5%, but was similar when NIS concentration was 0.5, 1, or 2% v/v. Nicosulfuron phytotoxicity was similar among all MVO concentrations when applied in four dilute drops while phytotoxicity increased as MVO concentration increased when nicosulfuron was applied in a single concentrated drop. Tralkoxydim applied with MVO exhibited the same trend as nicosulfuron. Tralkoxydim applied with 1 to 8% Supercharge provided similar oat fresh weight reduction, regardless of herbicide concentration. However, tralkoxydim phytotoxocity greatly decreased when applied in one-drop with 0.5% Supercharge and decreased slightly when applied in four-drops with 0.5% Supercharge. Overall, herbicide phytotoxicity at low adjuvant concentrations was greater when applied in four dilute drops compared to a single concentrated drop. But, a single concentrated drop of herbicide was generally as effective, or more so, than the four dilute drops when the same total amount of adjuvant was applied, e.g. 1% in four-drops versus 4% in one-drop. Field data reported previously showed that herbicide efficacy increased as spray volume increased if adjuvants were applied as a percentage of spray volume. However, when adjuvants were applied on an area basis, herbicides in a low spray volume, e.g., 2.5 to 5 gal/acre, were equally or more effective than in 10 to 20 gal/acre spray volume. These data suggest that the increased herbicide efficacy in the field is due in large part to greater herbicide absorption when sufficient adjuvant is applied with the herbicide, either by high spray volume with low adjuvant concentration or low spray volume with high adjuvant concentration." |
Language: | English |
References: | 0 |
Note: | This item is an abstract only! |
| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete): Ramsdale, B. K., and C. G. Messersmith. 2000. Adjuvant and herbicide concentration influences herbicide absorption. Proc. North Cent. Weed Sci. Soc. 55:p. 115-116. |
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