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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.agwat.2004.02.007 |
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| Web URL(s): | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377404000538
Last checked: 05/30/2013
Access conditions: Item is within a limited-access website |
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| Publication Type:
| Refereed |
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| Author(s): | Edraki, M.;
So, H. B.;
Gardner, E. A. |
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| Author Affiliation: | Edraki & So: School of Land and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia; and Gardner: Department of Natural Resources and Mines, Queensland, Australia |
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| Title: | Water balance of swamp mohagany and rhodes grass irrigated with treated sewage effluent |
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| Source: | Agricultural Water Management. Vol. 67, No. 3, July 1 2004, p. 157-171. |
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| Publishing Information: | [Amsterdam]: Elsevier Scientific Pub. |
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| # of Pages: | 15 |
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| Keywords: | TIC Keywords: Filters; Soil water balance; Effluent water; Sewage effluent; Chloris gayana; Irrigation; Nitrogen; Application rates; Growth; Water use; Losses from soil systems; Surface runoff; Evapotranspiration; Eucalyptus
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| Cultivar Names: | Callide |
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| Abstract/Contents: | "Water balance of Swamp Mohagany (Eucalyptus robusta Sm.) and Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth var. Callide) plantations was studied in large experimental plots, which were irrigated with secondary treated sewage effluent. The tree plots designated as T10, T20, T30 and T40 received four different nitrogen (N) concentrations of 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/l, respectively. The grass plot designated as G30 received one N level (30 mg/l). The objective of the study was to compare growth and water use of these plantations and the possible effluent losses to the environment. There was little response to N treatment in the first year of tree growth. A significant response to high N concentration was observed in tree treatment plots in the second year of the growth. Thus, at 20 month stage, the T40 trees reached a height of 4.1 m and had a leaf area index (LAI) of 2.5 compared with 2.2 m and 1.6, respectively in T10 trees. As expected, the T40 treatment had the largest interception losses (10%) and the least runoff and interflow. There was a progressive decrease in runoff and interflow with reductions in the level of nitrogen applied. Annual evapotranspiration was calculated to be 982 and 1191 mm, in the first and second year for grass compared with 1126 and 1269 mm, respectively for the T30 treatment. Grass and trees receiving the same concentration of N in effluent (30 mg/l) were transpiring at similar monthly rates, with crop factors of 0.79 for the grass and 0.85 for the trees, which were not statistically significant. These results in plots subject to regular effluent irrigation are markedly different from findings of previous studies, which indicated a very large increase in water use of trees compared to grass vegetation under dryland conditions. Although evapotranspiration utilised the largest portion of the incoming water to the plots, the need for irrigation was reduced by the occurence of frequent rainfall at the site. Runoff comprised the largest off site loss mechanism, especially during high rainfall periods indicating that coastal areas with low irrigation demand provide a limited opportunity for land disposal of effluent. Other site characteristics such as shallow soils increase the risks of environmental pollution through runoff from application site. Increase in area of application and adoption of a filtering technique will reduce risks to the soil and the environment." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 27 |
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| See Also: | Other items relating to: Effluent Water Use |
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| Note: | Tables
Figures
Graphs |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Edraki, M., H. B. So, and E. A. Gardner. 2004. Water balance of swamp mohagany and rhodes grass irrigated with treated sewage effluent. Agric. Water Manage. 67(3):p. 157-171. |
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| DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2004.02.007 |
| Web URL(s):
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377404000538
Last checked: 05/30/2013
Access conditions: Item is within a limited-access website |
| 
MSU catalog number: S 494.5 W3 A34 |
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