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| Web URL(s): | https://stri.lib.msu.edu/vol63-1987/pdf/sptri87063159.pdf#page=3
Last checked: 09/12/2006
Requires: PDF Reader
Notes: Available to TGIF and STRI users |
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| Access Restriction: | Certain MSU-hosted archive URLs may be restricted to legacy database members. |
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| Publication Type:
| Report |
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| Content Type: | Q & A |
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| Corporate Author(s): | Sports Turf Research Institute |
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| Title: | Tee construction |
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| Section: | Enquiries and replies
Other records with the "Enquiries and replies" Section
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| Source: | Journal of the Sports Turf Research Institute. Vol. 63, 1987, p. 161. |
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| Publishing Information: | Bingley, West Yorkshire, UK: The Sports Turf Research Institute |
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| # of Pages: | 1 |
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| Question: | "As you know, the standard of our greens has improved considerably in recent years as a result of intensive maintenance as laid down in your advisory reports. We now feel that a determined effort should be made to produce a similar improvement in our tees and that a progressive programme of tee enlargement should be initiated to provide adequate surfaces for the increased traffic to which the course is being subjected. Could you give us your views on tee sizes and methods of construction?" |
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| Answer/Response: | "On the average course, par 4 and 5 holes should be provided with a minimum men's teeing area of 250 m2 (300 sq.yd.) and for ladies 84 m2 (100 sq.yd.). For par 3 holes, men's tees should be 330 m 2 (400sq.yd.) and ladies' 84 m2 (100 sq.yd.). When designing new tees or extensions, maintenance considerations should be borne in mind, e.g. it should be possible to easily drive triple mowers onto the surface. Banks should be as shallow as possible, again for easy mowing. Enough room should be allowed to move tee markers from side to side as well as forwards and backwards and elevation should be sufficient to meet the demands of the hole. Elevation should be kept to a minimum to avoid excessive bank area and poor sites where grass growth will be slow such as heavily shaded situations should be avoided. The shape of the tee should be formed in subsoil providing a smooth and evenly firmed formation surface with perhaps a slight fall of 1 in 70 to 1 in 100 from front to back. Where it is necessary to elevate, the formation surface should be built up using imported subsoil fill free from heavy clay and large stones. The tee should be built up in no more than 225 mm (9in.) layers, firming each layer adequately to avoid subsequent sinkage. If rubble is used, it should be adequately blinded to support the topsoil. A minimum depth of 200 mm (8in.) of sandy topsoil or a friable sand/soil mix should be spread over the surface and a minimum of 150 mm (6in.) of similar material over banks. This should be spread and cultivated to form an even mix. The turf bed should be prepared by alternate ranking and heeling and a pre-turfing fertiliser should be used, e.g. bone meal at 70 g/m2 (2 oz./sq.yd.). Turfing should take place using the best material available - turf in which the fine grasses (bent and fescue) predominate is ideal. The turf should preferably be free of accumulated thatch or heavy clay soil. The turf should be lightly rolled and heavily top dressed with sandy compost to form a smooth surface. Play should not take place until the turf is well established and a true surface for close mowing obtained by repeated top dressing work." |
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| Keywords: | TIC Keywords: Golf course design; Golf tee maintenance; Recommendations; Golf tee construction; Tee size
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 0 |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Sports Turf Research Institute. 1987. Tee construction. J. Turfgrass Sports Surf. Sci. 63:p. 161. |
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| Web URL(s):
https://stri.lib.msu.edu/vol63-1987/pdf/sptri87063159.pdf#page=3
Last checked: 09/12/2006
Requires: PDF Reader
Notes: Available to TGIF and STRI users |
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MSU catalog number: SB 433 .A1 S63 |
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