Full TGIF Record # 118987
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Publication Type:
i
Proceedings
Author(s):Solley, Wayne B.; Pierce, Robert R.
Author Affiliation:Solley: Hydrologist, United States Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia; Pierce: Hydrologist, United States Geological Survey, Atlanta, Georgia
Title:Effects of conservation and other factors on water use in the United States
Section:2B
Other records with the "2B" Section
Meeting Info.:Las Vegas, NV: December 12-16, 1993
Source:Proceedings of CONSERV 93: The New Water Agenda. 1993, p. 573-584.
Publishing Information:Denver, CO: American Water Works Association
# of Pages:12
Keywords:TIC Keywords: Water conservation; Water use; Water costs; Economic impacts; Education; Groundwater; Irrigation water
Abstract/Contents:"Water use in the United States increased from 1950 to 1980. As a result of conservation programs and other factors, water use decreased from 1980 to 1985 and remained about the same from 1985 to 1990, on the basis of estimates compiled at 5-year intervals by the U.S. Geological Survey. Withdrawals of freshwater during 1990 averaged about 339,000 million gallons per day, a rate more than double that estimated for 1950 but 9 percent less than that estimated for 1980. For most categories, the rate of increase in water use began to decline during the 1970's and water use actually declined during the 1980's. Water withdrawals for thermoelectric-power generation and irrigation, the two largest categories of use, were 7 and 9 percent, respectively, less during 1990 than during the peak year of 1980. The combined total withdrawals for industrial, commercial, and mining uses during 1990 were 34 percent less than during 1980, and the lowest combined estimate for these uses since the compilations began in 1950. Part of the decrease in these combined totals is caused by new technologies that use less water and improved plant efficiencies, and part of the decrease may be caused by inaccuracies in the reported data, particularly in the earlier periods. The decrease in total water use in 1990 compared to 1980 can be primarily attributed to the following factors: The economic recession, improved plant efficiencies, depressed commodity prices, and new technologies that require less water reduced the requirements for industrial and irrigation water. Enhanced public awareness about water-resource issues and effective conservation programs in many States reduced water demands. In the past, large withdrawals of ground water have tended to lower water levels, thereby increasing the energy needed to pump the water, and at the same time decreasing the availability and sometimes the quality of the water. Each of these factors can raise the cost of water and make water users more selective and efficient in their use of water."
Language:English
References:12
Note:Figures
Graphs
ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Solley, W. B., and R. R. Pierce. 1993. Effects of conservation and other factors on water use in the United States. p. 573-584. In Proceedings of CONSERV 93: The New Water Agenda. Las Vegas, NV: December 12-16, 1993. Denver, CO: American Water Works Association.
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