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| Web URL(s): | http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=16909&context=rtd
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| Publication Type:
| Report |
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| Material Type: | Dissertation |
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| Monographic Author(s): | Valverde, Federico J. |
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| Author Affiliation: | Iowa State University |
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| Monograph Title: | Field Evaluation of Winterkill in Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua L.) and Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.), 2007. |
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| Publishing Information: | Ph.D. Dissertation: Iowa State University |
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| # of Pages: | 97 |
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| Collation: | vi, 91 pp. |
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| Related Web URL: | http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/15910/
Last checked: 03/27/2017
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http://search.proquest.com/docview/304858274/abstract/B3344C27D2E14D24PQ/1?accountid=12598
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| Keywords: | TIC Keywords: Agrostis stolonifera; Poa annua; Winterkill; Evaluations; Temperature resistance; Golf greens; Winter injury; Ice cover
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| Abstract/Contents: | "Winterkill, in putting greens and fairways of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) and creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.), is a common phenomenon in North-Central Region of United States and in other temperate areas. Extensive research in controlled environments has evaluated injury mechanisms in creeping bentgrass and annual bluegrass. A large number of studies have evaluated winter injury in other turfgrass species and in cereal grasses. Most agree that damages can be explained by factors such as intracellular and extracellular ice formation, cellular dehydration and hydration, plant desiccation, macro scale tissue and organ rupture, diseases, anoxia, cellular acidosis, oxidative stress and retarded growth. Despite the vast amount of information generated during several decades of research, winterkill in creeping bentgrass and annual bluegrass is a problem that still leaves golf course superintendent with many unanswered questions. It is proposed that, to minimize winterkill, it is necessary to understand the high complexity of the system at field level and not only in controlled environments. The purpose of this research was to quantify the relative injury on putting greens as it relates to snow cover, ice formation, desiccation, crown hydration, and freeze/thaw cycles. Our approach was to evaluate the relative amount of injury that is associated with various scenarios of winter, instead of focusing solely on the mechanisms that cause the injury. Also, it is of interest to determine not only what condition causes the most winter injury, but when during the season does damage occur and if it is worth the expense or effort to try and minimize the injury by taking action. This study was conducted at the Iowa State University (ISU) Horticulture Research Center and at ISU Veenker Memorial golf course, both in Ames Iowa. The species evaluated were creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L) and annual bluegrass (Poa annua L). Ten possible winter scenarios; dry/open, wet, ice continuous, snow continuous, impermeable artificial cover and ice continuous, ice removal, ice/melt freeze, snow removal/melt freeze, an artificial permeable turf cover, and artificial permeable turf cover with snow, were created on two Iowa putting greens in January, February and March of 2003, 2004, and 2005. Dry weight yield produced by samples collected in the field and grown on controlled chambers was used to indicate the amount of winter injury. Hourly temperatures were registered through the length of the study. Growing degree days (GDD) and stress degree days (SDD) were calculated with temperature data. Creeping bentgrass was not killed under any treatment. Continuous ice cover of 66 days caused creeping bentgrass bleaching but never resulted in any turf kill or decline in creeping bentgrass cover. Annual bluegrass was susceptible to winter injury when exposed to ice encasement. Damages by ice formation occurred during the first 15 days after encasement. The formation and type of ice is more important than the duration of ice cover in predicting annual bluegrass winter injury when ice is present. In both species, the treatments that offered a better visual quality at the end of the winter period were those that had a better protection such as impermeable-ice, permeable-snow, and snow treatments. However, the visual results did not necessarily mirror on those results of biomass production. In regard to temperatures and insulation characteristics of winter practices, greens without any protective layer suffer almost twice the amount of stress degrees that snow covered plots. As accumulative units, SDD 0°C had larger mean separation than any of the temperature variables; as such it was a better descriptor of intensity or risk of damage than temperatures alone. In the north central region of the United States, the use of artificial covers combined with snow blankets provided the best insulation and therefore the best condition for turf survival and early spring turf quality." |
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| ISBN-13: | 9780549151296 |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | Chapter refs |
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| See Also: | See also related article "Field evaluation of winterkill in annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass: Creeping bentgrass is unaffected by ice cover, but annual bluegrass can suffer substantial injury" Golf Course Management, 75(9) September 2007, p. 88-93, R=127887. R=127887 |
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| See Also: | Other items relating to: WINKIL
Other items relating to: Winterkill |
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| Note: | "A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy"
"Major: Horticulture"
"UMI Number: 3274852"
"ProQuest document ID: 304858274"
Advisor: David D. Minner
Includes "Dedication"; p. ii
Includes "Acknowledgements"; p. 91
Tables |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Valverde, Federico J. 2007. Field Evaluation of Winterkill in Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua L.) and Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.). Ph.D. Dissertation: Iowa State University. |
| Fastlink to access this record outside TGIF: https://tic.msu.edu/tgif/flink?recno=131098 |
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| Web URL(s):
http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=16909&context=rtd
Last checked: 02/28/2017
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http://search.proquest.com/docview/304858274/fulltextPDF/B3344C27D2E14D24PQ/1?accountid=12598
Last checked: 03/27/2017
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Access conditions: Item is within a limited-access website |
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