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| Web URL(s): | http://turf.rutgers.edu/research/abstracts/symposium2008.pdf
Last checked: 11/05/2015
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Notes: Item is within a single large file |
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| Publication Type:
| Report |
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| Content Type: | Abstract or Summary only |
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| Author(s): | Inguagiato, John C.;
Roberts, Joseph A.;
Murphy, James A.;
Clarke, Bruce B. |
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| Author Affiliation: | Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey |
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| Title: | Determination of sand topdressing rate and frequency effects on anthracnose severity of an annual bluegrass putting green |
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| Section: | Poster presentations
Other records with the "Poster presentations" Section
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| Meeting Info.: | New Brunswick, NJ: January 10-11, 2008 |
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| Source: | Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Rutgers TurfgrassSymposium. 2008, p. 44-46. |
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| Publishing Information: | New Brunswick, NJ: Center for Turfgrass Science, Cook College, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey |
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| # of Pages: | 3 |
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| Keywords: | TIC Keywords: Sand topdressings; Application rates; Application frequency; Anthracnose; Disease severity; Poa annua; Golf greens; Colletotrichum graminicola
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| Abstract/Contents: | "Anthracnose is a destructive disease of weakened or senescent turf caused by the fungus Colletotrichum cereale. The disease occurs throughout the world on almost all turfgrass species but is particularly severe on annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) putting green turf; often resulting in extensive damage and major disruptions in play. Recent research conducted at Rutgers has identified several management practices (nitrogen fertilization, mowing and plant growth regulation) commonly employed on golf courses that influence turf susceptibility to anthracnose. Sand topdressing is a common management practice which has been suspected to enhance this disease, but prior to the current study its effect on anthracnose was unknown. Routine sand topdressing promotes favorable growing environment by diluting thatch, resisting compaction, and increasing surface infiltration and soil aeration; however this abrasive practice may also wound the plant and increase disease. The objectives of this trial were to evaluate the effects of the following practices on anthracnose severity: i. Light-frequent (i.e., 0.3 L m-2 every 7-d) sand topdressing and incorporation method. ii. Combinations of sand topdressing rates and application intervals. iii. Infrequent topdressing schedule (i.e., 1.2 L m-2 every 21 or 42-d). The study was initiated in 2006 on annual bluegrass turf maintained as a putting green at the Rutgers Horticultural Farm 2 in North Brunswick, NJ. Soil pH, P and K were managed based on soil test recommendations common in the northeastern United States. Mowing was performed seven times wk-1 at a bench-setting of 3.2 mm. During summer months, N was applied at 4.9 kg ha-1 every 14-d, except from 22 June through 3 September 2007 when N was applied every 28-d at the same rate. The study was arranged as a randomized complete block design with four blocks. Thirteen treatments were included and subsets of those were used to answer each of the three stated objectives. Sand rate (0, 0.3, 0.6, or 1.2 L m-2), application interval (7, 14, 21, 28, or 42-d) and intensity of sand incorporation (light or moderated brushing or water as a means of incorporating sand) were the main factors studied. Anthracnose severity was assessed using a line-intersect grid laid over each plot; the number of intersections was assessed using a line-intersect grid laid over each plot; the number of observed over symptomatic turf was calculated as a present of total observations to estimate the area of damage resulting from this disease. Comparisons of treatment effects that addressed objectives 1 and 3 were made by orthogonal contrasts. An analysis of variance for treatments associated with objective 2 (rates and frequencies) used a 3 x 3 factorial structure; main effects and interaction means were separated by Fisher's protected least significant difference at the 0.05 probability level, except where noted in the data tables. Objective 1-Light frequent topdressing (i.e., 0.3 L m-2 every 7-d) did not affect anthracnose development from late-June through mid- to late-July compared to non-topdressed plots in 2006 and 2007. However, light frequent topdressing reduced disease severity compared to non-topdressed turf by 20 to 47% from 7 August through 6 September 2006 and 5 to 25% under lower disease pressure in 2007 from 18 July through 5 October. Brushing plots every 7-d with or without sand had no effect on disease severity and no interaction between topdressing and brushing was observed during either year. Objective 2-Three topdressing intervals (7, 14 and 28-d) and three sand rates (0, 0.3, and 0.6 L m-2) were evaluated. Topdressing interval had no effect on disease until August of each year when this factor interacted with topdressing rate: 7 August through 6 September 2006 and 23 August, 28 September and 5 October 2007. Topdressing rate influenced disease severity earlier in the season than the interval factor; however this effect was not consistent between 2006 and 2007. Topdressing at 0.3 and 0.6 L m-2 initially increased disease severity by 10 and 6%, respectively, on 12 July 2006; whereas the 0.6 L m-2 decreased severity by 4 and 11% on 25 July and 13 August 2007, respectively. Moreover, as each season progressed, the topdressing rate factor often interacted with the topdressing interval factor. Topdressing rate under the topdressing interval of 28-d had a very limited effect on disease severity late in August and early September in 2007; only the 0.6 L m-2 rate reduced disease severity late in August and early September 2006 compared to no topdressing. Under a topdressing interval of 14-d, disease severity was reduced with 0.6 L m-2 compared to no topdressing as early as 7 August 2006 and 23 August 2007; whereas reductions in disease severity with 0.3 L m-2 compared to no topdressing were not evident until 6 September 2006 and 28 September 2007. Under a topdressing interval of 7-d, disease severity was reduced at both 0.6 and 0.3 L m-2 by 7 August 2006 and 23 August 2007; both rates produced a similar reduction in severity compared to no topdressing. Therefore, contrary to the initial hypothesis, sand topdressing had a cumulative beneficial effect and frequent applications provided the most rapid and substantial reduction of anthracnose. The rate of 0.3 L m-2 needed to be applied every 7-d and the 0.6 L m-2 application every 14 d for a consistent and relatively large reduction in disease severity to occur. Neither sand topdressing rate consistently affected disease severity under a topdressing interval of 28-d. Objective 3-Topdressing practices using a greater sand rate (1.2 L m-2) at extended application intervals (21 and 42-d) were also evaluated. Similar to that observed in other sand topdressing trials, the addition of 1.2 L m-2 reduced disease compared to non-topdressed turf by 7 August 2006 and 18 July 2007. Topdressing interval of 21-d schedule reduced anthracnose severity to a greater extent than the topdressing interval of 42-d on 28 August 2006 and on a number of dates in 2007. Previous research conducted at Rutgers indicated that a small (0.4 mm) increase in mowing height can decrease anthracnose severity; this may partially explain the disease reductions observed with sand topdressing. Topdressing may be subtly increasing the effective height of cut. Sand adds structure to the turf canopy providing a firmer surface that would lessen the settling of the mower or gang rollers into the turf compared to non-topdressed turf or turf with less sand in the canopy. Furthermore, as sand accumulates, the position of plant corwns is deeper within the surface of the putting green. This creates a different microenvironment (i.e., mat layer) that probably has a reduced potential for sealing (loss of aeration) and is less susceptible to daily and hourly temperature and water fluctuations which occur most dramatically at the upper surface of putting green turf. Therefore, the improved physical characteristics at the surface of the putting greens with routine topdressing may improve turf vigo minimizing anthracnose severity." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 0 |
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| Note: | This item is an abstract only! |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Inguagiato, J. C., J. A. Roberts, J. A. Murphy, and B. B. Clarke. 2008. Determination of sand topdressing rate and frequency effects on anthracnose severity of an annual bluegrass putting green. Proc. Annu. Rutgers Turfgrass Symp. p. 44-46. |
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| Web URL(s):
http://turf.rutgers.edu/research/abstracts/symposium2008.pdf
Last checked: 11/05/2015
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Notes: Item is within a single large file |
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MSU catalog number: SB 433 .R88 |
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