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| Publication Type:
| Report |
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| Author(s): | Wheatley, W. M.;
Kemp, H. W.;
Simpson, W. R.;
Hume, D. E.;
Nicol, H. I.;
Kemp, D. R.;
Launders, T. E. |
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| Author Affiliation: | Wheatley, Nicol and Kemp, D. R.: School of Rural Management, Charles Sturt University, Orange, New South Wales, Australia; Kemp, H. W.: New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Bega, New South Wales, Australia; Hume: AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Launders: New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Taree, New South Wales, Australia |
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| Title: | Viability of endemic endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) seed at retail and wholesale outlets in south-eastern Australia |
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| Source: | Seed Science and Technology. Vol. 35, No. 2, 2007, p. 360-370. |
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| Publishing Information: | Zurich: International Seed Testing Association |
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| # of Pages: | 11 |
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| Keywords: | TIC Keywords: Endophytes; Lolium perenne; Seeds; Fungus infection; Seed age; Seed viability; Seeding; Lolium endophytes
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| Abstract/Contents: | "Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is an introduced grass that is widely sown for pasture throughout south-eastern Australia and may be infected with the fungal endophyte Neotyphodium lolii (Latch, Christensen and Samuels) Glenn, Bacon and Hanlin. This fungus/host grass association confers some advantages and disadvantages for the use of perennial ryegrass. Perennial ryegrass cultivars are sold with endemic endophyte, with selected endophytes or endophyte-free. However variable agronomic performance in the field raises the question if the endemic endophyte within cultivars is actually viable when sold, or in other cases if endophyte-free material is actually free. This survey was done to provide information on the status of endemic endophyte in perennial ryegrass seed in wholesale/retail outlets in south-eastern Australia. Of the samples where the age of the seed was known, two thirds were 2 years or less since harvest, while one sample was 7 years old. Seed viability generally remained high, although 15% of samples had a seedling establishment below 60%. Seedling establishments around 50% and below were evident in some samples 3 years and older, with one sample (5 years old) being nil. Seed-borne endophyte levels were in accordance with the way in which each cultivar is promoted, with the exception of one sample promoted as being low/nil endophyte. The seed-borne level for this sample was 73%, but the viable endophyte level was nil. Viable endophyte levels remained acceptable for most samples for 2 years after harvest, but then declined rapidly, with 75% of those samples where the seed-borne levels were high and age of the seed was known, having viable levels around 0%. Endophyte viability declined at a faster rate than seed viability and was significantly influenced by cultivar, age of the seed and the interaction between these two variables." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 31 |
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| Note: | Tables
Graphs |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Wheatley, W. M., H. W. Kemp, W. R. Simpson, D. E. Hume, H. I. Nicol, D. R. Kemp, et al. 2007. Viability of endemic endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) seed at retail and wholesale outlets in south-eastern Australia. Seed Sci. Technol. 35(2):p. 360-370. |
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