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| Publication Type:
| Report |
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| Content Type: | Abstract or Summary only |
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| Author(s): | Kalmowitz, K. Edson.;
Whitwell, T. |
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| Author Affiliation: | Charleston County Extension Service and Department of Horticulture, Clemson University, Clemson, SC. |
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| Title: | Water Source Interactions With Grass Specific Herbicides. |
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| Meeting Info.: | Held: January 18-20, 1988, Tulsa, OK. |
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| Source: | Southern Weed Science Society Proceedings. Vol. 41, January 1988, p. 141. |
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| Publishing Information: | Nashville, TN: Southern Weed Science Society. |
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| Keywords: | TIC Keywords: Water quality; Herbicides; Digitaria ischaemum; pH; Postemergence herbicides; Sethoxydim; Fluazifop; Fenoxaprop-ethyl; Application rates; Biomass; Chlorine; Sodium; Herbicide interaction; Sodium Adsorption Ratio; Adjuvants; Surfactants
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| Geographic Terms: | South Carolina |
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| Abstract/Contents: | "Water quality problems are known to exist in the Coastal counties of South Carolina. Horticultural producers commonly use these high pH and high pH + high sodium waters for pesticide applications. Field studies were initiated in the summer of 1987 at two Charleston nursery locations to determine the effect these waters have on the activity of three grass specific herbicides. The post grass herbicides sethoxydim, fluazifop-P, and fenoxaprop were evaluated at three rates when mixed with three water sources for controlling smooth crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum Schreber ex muhl.) in one-month-old established liners of Kurume azalea, 'Christmas Cheer' [Azalea obtusum kurume (Lindl.) Planch 'Christas Cheer']. Water analysis of sources were: Distilled water pH 6.9, Na 0 ppm, Cl 2.1 ppm and SAR 0; water B pH 8.2, Na 32 ppm, Cl 38.3 ppm and SAR 1.2; water C pH 8.9, Na 800 ppm, Cl 144.6 ppm and SAR 89. A nonionic surfactant was used with all herbicides as the adjuvant. Treatments were applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer delivering 284 l/ha at 300 kpa when grass was 8-10 cm tall, with 6-7 tillers, and 15-22 leaves. Studies were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications and 1 pot per treatment. 'Christmas Cheer' was tolerant to all herbicides at all rates and water mixes. Grass control varied at both locations where differences in irrigation systems and continued germination of grass seed over time may have affected results. The main effect of herbicides, waters and rates were seen for crabgrass control and biomass at only one location. Across studies, crabgrass was not controlled by the low rate (0.06 kg ai/ha) of sethoxydim when mixed with any water source. A significant water source (high pH + high sodium) by sethoxydim interaction at the high rate (0.34 kg ai/ha) was evident for control of smooth crabgrass. Medium and high rates of fluazifop-P (0.11 and 0.22 kg ai/ha) and fenoxaprop (0.17 and 0.34 kg ai/ha) when mixed with high pH and high sodium water controlled crabgrass greater than 72%. Weed dry weights generally reflected control ratings with sethoxydim pots yielding the highest biomass. Due to inconsistent results of sethoxydim control with high pH and high pH + high sodium waters at both Charleston locations, further studies were initiated at Clemson to examine the effect of water by adjuvant on sethoxydim efficacy. With Dash, sethoxydim was most effective (43%) while surfactant (6%) and crop oil concentrate (20%) were significantly poor treatments. When repeating the Charleston studies at Clemson, main effects of only the herbicides and the rates were evident, With only distilled and high pH + high sodium waters there was a significant water source by herbicide interaction. Inadequate control of the grass with sethoxdimin high ph + high sodium water (38%) and fluazifop-P in distilled (45%) was seen. Fenoxaprop at all rates and mixed with any water source performed the most consistently at all locations. With the high rates of the herbicides any adjuvant or water source antagonism was overcome for acceptable (70% or better) control." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 0 |
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| Note: | This item is an abstract only! |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Kalmowitz, K. E., and T. Whitwell. 1988. Water Source Interactions With Grass Specific Herbicides.. South. Weed Sci. Soc. Proc. 41:p. 141. |
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MSU catalog number: SB 611 .S6 |
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