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| Web URL(s): | http://www.jstor.org/stable/2434151?cookieSet=1
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http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2434151.pdf
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| Publication Type:
| Refereed |
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| Author(s): | Warwick, S. I.;
Briggs, D. |
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| Author Affiliation: | Botany School, Downing Street, Cambridge, U. K. |
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| Title: | Cultivation experiments with Achillea millefolium L., Bellis perennis L., Plantago lanceolata L., Plantago major L., and Pruella vulgaris L. collected from lawns and contrasting grassland habitats |
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| Article Series: | The genecology of lawn weeds, part 3 |
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| Source: | New Phytologist. Vol. 83, No. 2, September 1979, p. 509-536. |
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| Publishing Information: | Oxford, England: Blackwell Publishing, for the New Phytologist Trust |
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| # of Pages: | 28 |
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| Related Web URL: | http://www.jstor.org/stable/info/2434151?seq=1
Last checked: 07/30/2010
Notes: Abstract only |
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| Keywords: | TIC Keywords: Achillea millefolium; Bellis perennis; Characteristics; Comparisons; Cultivation; Morphology; Plantago lanceolata; Plantago major; Prunella vulgaris
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| Abstract/Contents: | "An investigation of the nature of adaptive variation was conducted on five common lawn weeds (Achillea millefolium, Bellis perennis, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major and Prunella vulgaris) collected from lawns, heavily grazed turf, seasonally mown or grazed grasslands and grassy areas not seasonally reduced in height by grazing and/or mowing. As expected, marked size differences in the 'wild' phenotype of individuals from contrasting man-managed grassland communities were found. All five taxa exhibited a continuous pattern of variation, with plants from lawns and heavily grazed habitats being significantly smaller in size than plants from areas seasonally mown and/or grazed and grassland habitats not seasonally reduced by grazing or mowing. Cultivation experiments were conducted over a 2 year period on populations from each of the habitat types. Habitat-correlated differences in size and erectness observed in the field collections of Plantago major persisted in cultivation. In the other taxa, the overall pattern of distinct phenotypic differences associated with the different habitat types was not maintained in cultivation. However, in all five species statistically significant differences between and within populations were maintained in almost all characters investigated. Of particular interest was the evidence for genetically fixed dwarf/prostrate plants cultivated from samples collected from many of the lawn and heavily grazed grassland populations. While populations of Plantago major were homogeneous in cultivation, in the other taxa, plants phenotypically dwarf/prostrate in the field either remained dwarf/prostrate or grew into tall plants. This suggests the importance of both genotypic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity as adaptive strategies in short turf habitats. Populations of the five taxa from grasslands not regularly grazed or mown did not yield particularly tall variants, although they were consistent in their lack of dwarf/prostrate plants. Erect early-flowering variants of Prunella vulgaris and Plantago lanceolata were found in samples cultivated from the ancient hay meadows of Oxford. Close study of our experiments in both 1975 and 1976 revealed year to year differences in morphology and behaviour. Population x year interactions were investigated in Plantago major. Sampling procedures for genecological studies, the problems of inherent within-habitat heterogeneity, and difficulties in the design and interpretation of cultivation experiments are discussed. The notion of 'persistent difference' is examined in the light of our studies of year to year differences. The patterns and processes of population differentiation in lawns and other grassland types (with special reference to selection and gene flow) are considered in relation to breeding systems and population structure. The adaptive significance of phenotypic plasticity and ecotypic differentation are discussed." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 81 |
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| See Also: | See also part 1 "Population differentiation in Poa annua L. in a mosaic environment of bowling green lawns and flower beds" New Phytologist, 81(3) November 1978, p. 711-723, R=5778. R=5778
See also part 2 "Evidence for disruptive selection in Poa annua L. in a mosaic environment of bowling green lawns and flower beds" New Phytologist, 81(3) November 1978, p. 725-737, R=5769. R=5769
See also part 4 "Adaptive significance of variation in Bellis perennis L. As revealed in a transplant experiment" New Phytologist, 85(2) June 1980, p. 275-2288, R=166977. R=166977
See also part 5 "The adaptive significance of different growth habit in lawn and roadside populations of Plantago major L." New Phytologist, 85(2) June 1980, p. 289-300, R=166979. R=166979
See also part 6 "The adaptive significance of variation in Achillea millefolim L. as investigated by transplant experiments" New Phytologist, 85(3) July 1980, p. 451-460, R=166981. R=166981
See also part 7 "The response of different growth forms of Plantago major L. and Poa annua L. to simulated trampling" New Phytologist, 85(3) July 1980, p. 461-469, R=5753. R=5753 |
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| Note: | Pictures, color
Tables
Graphs |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Warwick, S. I., and D. Briggs. 1979. Cultivation experiments with Achillea millefolium L., Bellis perennis L., Plantago lanceolata L., Plantago major L., and Pruella vulgaris L. collected from lawns and contrasting grassland habitats. New Phytol. 83(2):p. 509-536. |
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Last checked: 07/30/2010
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http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2434151.pdf
Last checked: 07/30/2010
Requires: PDF Reader
Access conditions: Item is within a limited-access website |
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MSU catalog number: b2219226 |
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