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| Web URL(s): | http://usgatero.msu.edu/v10/n15.pdf
Last checked: 08/18/2011
Requires: PDF Reader |
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| Publication Type:
| Report |
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| Author(s): | Doherty, Jeffery J.;
Clark, Marshall |
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| Author Affiliation: | Doherty: Graduate Student; Clark: Director, Massachusetts Pesticide Analysis Laboratory Veterinary and Animal Science Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA |
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| Title: | Utilizing reduced-risk pesticides and IPM strategies to mitigate golfer exposure and hazard |
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| Source: | USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online. Vol. 10, No. 15, August 1 2011, p. 1-18. |
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| Publishing Information: | Far Hills, NJ: United States Golf Association, Green Section |
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| # of Pages: | 20 |
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| Keywords: | TIC Keywords: Application rates; Azoxystrobin; Carfentrazone-ethyl; Dislodgeable residues; Dosimetry; Exposure assessment; Golfers; Halofenozide; Hazard quotient; Integrated pest management; Re-entry intervals; Residues
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| Abstract/Contents: | "Researchers at the University of Massachusetts quantified dermal, airborne, and dislodgeable foliar residues (DFR) of three reduced risk pesticides: azoxystrobin, carfentrazone-ethyl, and halofenozide. Dosimetry techniques were used to assess the exposure of volunteer golfers to these pesticides under worst-case scenarios during the play of 32 rounds of simulated golf. All exposures resulted in acquired doses significantly less than the reference doses (RfD) established for each pesticide by the USEPA Office of Pesticide Programs. The RfD is then used to calculate a hazard quotient (HQ) by dividing the acquired dose by the RfD. HQs <= 1.0 are indicative of a safe exposure. HQs > 1.0 do not necessarily mean that the exposure is unsafe, only that the absence of adverse effects is less certain. Other findings include: Dermal absorption is the principle route of exposure to golfers following application of these reduced-risk compounds. Hands, lower legs, and upper socks were the main routes of exposure. Halofenozide exposure resulted in the highest combined hazard quotient (CHQ, sum of dermal and inhalation hazard quotients, 0.030) of the reduced risk pesticides tested following application at its highest labeled rate with 0.25" of post-application irrigation. It should be noted that halofenozide has recently lost its reduced-risk pesticide designation. The CHQ calculation for halofenozide is only about half of that determined by dosimetry for chlorpyrifos (0.059). In this case, the application of halofenozide is considered safe, but does not greatly reduce golfer hazard. The CHQ established for the fungicide azoxystrobin (0.0039) was about an order of magnitude less than that determined for the fungicide chlorothalonil (0.043). The CHQ determined for the herbicide carfentrazone-ethyl (0.00014) was ~ 700-fold less than that determined for the herbicide MCPP (0.1). In the cases examined, the use of reduced-risk pesticides can lessen golfer exposure and hazard. The application of azoxystrobin brought about an ~ 10-fold reduction in CHQ compared to chlorothalonil. The use of carfentrazone-ethyl produced an ~ 700 fold reduction in CHQ versus the use of MCPP, and the application of halofenozide led to a ~ 2-fold reduction in HQ compared to the use of chlorpyrifos. A 1-hour reentry interval generally reduces exposure." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 11 |
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| Note: | Summary as abstract
Pictures, color
Figures
Tables
Graphs |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Doherty, J. J., and M. Clark. 2011. Utilizing reduced-risk pesticides and IPM strategies to mitigate golfer exposure and hazard. USGA Turfgrass Environ. Res. Online. 10(15):p. 1-18. |
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| Web URL(s):
http://usgatero.msu.edu/v10/n15.pdf
Last checked: 08/18/2011
Requires: PDF Reader |
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MSU catalog number: b3952822a |
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