Full TGIF Record # 224926
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Web URL(s):http://newss.org/proceedings/proceedings_2009.pdf#page=119
    Last checked: 07/17/2013
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Report
Author(s):Bhowmik, P. C.; Sarkar, D.
Author Affiliation:University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Title:Biology of Kyllinga species
Section:Weed biology and ecology
Other records with the "Weed biology and ecology" Section
Meeting Info.:Baltimore, Maryland: January 6-8, 2009
Source:Proceedings of the Sixty-Third Annual Meeting of the Northeastern Weed Science Society. Vol. 63, 2009, p. 104-105.
Publishing Information:Baltimore, Maryland: Northeastern Weed Science Society
# of Pages:2
Keywords:TIC Keywords: Cyperaceae; Kyllinga; Kyllinga brevifolia; Kyllinga gracillima; Weed profile
Abstract/Contents:"The genus Kyllinga from the sedge (Cyperaceae) family consists of 40 to 45 different weedy species commonly known as "spikesedge". They are widely distributed in the tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions around the world, especially in the tropical Africa. In the United States, 5 to 6 species of Kyllinga are known as problem weeds in turfgrass, pastures and roadside environments. All these species are apparently introduced into the United States from Asia during early 19th century. They were established along sandbars, streams, or in open sites with adequate moisture. Highly maintained, frequently irrigated turfgrass and golf courses provide excellent habitat for their growth, dispersal, and proliferation of plants. Plants are either low rhizomatous perennials or annuals with triangular stems, and with 1 to 5 grass-like basal leaves. Leaf blades are V-shaped with prominent midribs and finely toothed margins. They produce 2 to 4 spreading terminal inflorescence with cylindrical, spherical, or dome-shaped spikes (heads). The number of spikelets per spike varies from 15 to 150, and they are surrounded by a tiny scale like bracteole. All kyllinga species produce viable seeds. Achenes are laterally compressed, narrowly ovoid to oblong, or ellipsoid with finely punctuate surface. There are three common types of kyllinga found in the United States. Green kyllinga (Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb.) is the most commonly found in turfgrass environment among all kyllinga species (Fig 1.). A closely related perennial species is false green kyllinga (Kyllinga gracillima Miq.) (Fig. 2). Green and false green kyllinga are difficult to differentiate based on vegetative characteristic as both species are rhizomatous and of similar seed heads. They can only be distinguished by time of flowering and seed morphology. Green kyllinga plants produce flowers throughout the growing season, while false green kyllinga plants produce seed heads only in late August to until frost. Green kyllinga seeds have denticulate appendages where it is absent in false green kyllinga seeds. The geographic distribution of green kyllinga within United States is largely along the coast where false green kyllinga is found in the inland from Arkansas to as far north as southern New England. Another important perennial species found in the United States is fragrant kyllinga (Kyllinga odorata Vahl.) (Fig. 3). It was earlier considered as annual kyllinga, but it is a perennial species. It has a distinctive sweet aroma when its leaves are mowed or crushed. Fragrant kyllinga is tufted or bunchy rather than rhizomatous as compared to the other species. They produce white, 3-lobed seed heads generally looks like "torpedo". Comparisons of morphological features of three kyllinga species are presented in Table 1 (Adapted from Bryson et al., 1997. Weed Technology 11:838-842). In recent years, kyllinga species are becoming more prevalent in golf courses, and they are spreading rapidly in northward and westward from their original geographic distribution. The whole plant or fragments of the perennial kyllinga species spread as contaminants in transported turfgrass sods and sprigs. Frequent irrigation, and higher mowing frequency without removal of clippings around golf course greens, enhances vegetative reproduction of kyllinga species. Currently, this species is not listed as invasive species, however, this species should be on the alert list."
Language:English
References:0
Note:Pictures, color
Tables
ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Bhowmik, P. C., and D. Sarkar. 2009. Biology of Kyllinga species. Proc. Annu. Meet. Northeast. Weed Sci. Soc. 63:p. 104-105.
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http://newss.org/proceedings/proceedings_2009.pdf#page=119
    Last checked: 07/17/2013
    Requires: PDF Reader
    Notes: Item is within a single large file
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MSU catalog number: SB 610 .N62
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