| |
| Web URL(s): | http://www.swss.ws/wp-content/uploads/docs/2006 Proceedings-SWSS.pdf#page=303
Last checked: 07/18/2013
Requires: PDF Reader
Notes: Item is within a single large file |
|---|
| Publication Type:
| Report |
|---|
| Author(s): | McCarty, L. B. |
|---|
| Author Affiliation: | Department of Horticulture, Clemson University, Clemson, SC |
|---|
| Title: | Designing future sulfonylurea herbicides in fine turf - a top 10 wish-list |
|---|
| Section: | Symposia - weed management in turf with sulfonylurea herbicides
Other records with the "Symposia - weed management in turf with sulfonylurea herbicides" Section
|
|---|
| Meeting Info.: | San Antonio, Texas: January 23-25, 2006 |
|---|
| Source: | Proceedings: Southern Weed Science Society 59th Annual Meeting. Vol. 59, 2006, p. 231. |
|---|
| Publishing Information: | Champaign, Illinois: Southern Weed Science Society |
|---|
| # of Pages: | 1 |
|---|
| Keywords: | TIC Keywords: Herbicide efficacy; Herbicide evaluation; Herbicide industry trends; Inventions; Sulfonylurea herbicides; Weed control
|
|---|
| Abstract/Contents: | "Sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides were first reported to possess herbicidal properties in 1966 and originally were derivatives of triazine herbicides. In 1975, they were reformulated, thus, "rediscovered" for their current herbicide properties. SUs were first patented in 1983 and have become one of the largest herbicide research endeavors in the history of the crop protection chemical industry. Currently, over 30 commercial formulations are available. All are moderate to weak acids with ionization constant (pKa) values of 3 to 5. Water solubility increases as pH increases. One of their most desirable characteristic is low mammalian toxicity with acute oral LD50 values >5000 mg/kg. SUs also typically have very low use rates (e.g., 0.25 to 2 oz product/acre), thus, dramatically reduce active ingredient loads in the environment. All, therefore, are general use products. SUs are quickly (~2 hr) foliar (mostly) and root absorbed and rapidly translocated (mobile, systemic) via xylem and phloem in plants to points of new growth (e.g., meristematic regions). SUs inhibit the enzyme acetolactate synthase (ALS) which is needed for biosynthesis of the branched chain amino acids - leucine, isoleucine, and valine. This is the same mode of action as members of the Imidazolinones (e.g., Image, Plateau). Problems with SU herbicides in fine turf are generally limited and local in nature. However, when they arise, these are often near catastrophic since SU low rates and potential mobility can cause considerable concern. Based on concerns and desires of end-users, the following is a "wish list" of agronomic characteristics of future SU herbicides developed for in fine turf. 1. Expanded selective weed control spectrum, especially perennial grassy weeds such as Panicum and Paspalum species. Selective control options of these weeds are largely unavailable and they have quickly become almost epidemic in fine turf. 2. Ability to selectively control one turfgrass species in another, especially cool-season turf species in other ones. A major "weed" problem are mixed stands of cool-season grasses. Having the ability to selectively control one grass in another would be highly beneficial and currently difficult to obtain. 3. Reduced lateral movement, especially under high pH soils near high value turf areas such as golf greens. 4. Less tracking, which relates to SU's extended solubilities and powerful low use rates. 5. Increased turfgrass safety, especially to the warm-season turfgrasses centipedegrass and St. Augustinegrass, as well as all cool-season grasses. 6. Preventing or extending the time to plant resistance occurrence. With such a specific mode of action, resistance to SUs typically arises 3 to 7 years after continued use. 7. Provide quicker control. Under cool (<60 F) climatic conditions, extended times are needed for herbicide expression, causing end-user confusion and impatience. 8. Reduced leaching potential, especially in landscape settings where undesirable damage or discoloration may occur to shallow-rooted trees and ornamentals. 9. Less pH sensitive. High pH environments tend to dramatically increase solubility of SUs, thus, they become more mobile. 10. Extended soil residual/persistence time. Most SUs have relatively short (<30 day) half-lives, thus, seeds can quickly germinate after an application and become problematic again. As always, end-users also desire more cost-effective products and possibly increase the spectrum of tank-mix capabilities of SUs with other herbicides and pesticides. In recent years, SUs have become very popular in the fine turf market and offer control levels of certain weeds (e.g., sedges, bahiagrass) that were previously unattainable. Due to recent success, the next step in evolution of SU chemistry is to broaden the application and use of these on other troublesome weeds and in other turf species and situations." |
|---|
| Language: | English |
|---|
| References: | 0 |
|---|
| Note: | "Vision for the future"
This item is an abstract only! |
|---|
| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
McCarty, L. B. 2006. Designing future sulfonylurea herbicides in fine turf - a top 10 wish-list. South. Weed Sci. Soc. Proc. 59:p. 231. |
| Fastlink to access this record outside TGIF: https://tic.msu.edu/tgif/flink?recno=225487 |
| If there are problems with this record, send us feedback about record 225487. |
| Choices for finding the above item: |
|---|
| Web URL(s):
http://www.swss.ws/wp-content/uploads/docs/2006 Proceedings-SWSS.pdf#page=303
Last checked: 07/18/2013
Requires: PDF Reader
Notes: Item is within a single large file |
| 
MSU catalog number: b2207931 |
| Find from within TIC:
Digitally in TIC by file name: swssp2006 |
| Request through your local library's inter-library loan service (bring or send a copy of this TGIF record) |
