Full TGIF Record # 225656
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Web URL(s):http://www.swss.ws/wp-content/uploads/docs/2008 Proceedings-SWSS.pdf#page=262
    Last checked: 07/24/2013
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i
Report
Author(s):Warren, L. S.; Yelverton, F. H.; Gannon, T. W.
Author Affiliation:Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
Title:Performance of smooth crabgrass preemergence herbicides during drought-strickened growing seasons
Section:Weed management in turf
Other records with the "Weed management in turf" Section
Meeting Info.:Jacksonville, Florida: January 27-30, 2008
Source:2008 Proceedings, Southern Weed Science Society. Vol. 61, 2008, p. 119.
Publishing Information:Champaign, Illinois: Southern Weed Science Society
# of Pages:1
Keywords:TIC Keywords: Crabgrass control; Digitaria ischaemum; Drought stress; Dry seasons; Growth period; Herbicide efficacy; Herbicide evaluation; Preemergence weed control
Abstract/Contents:"When applying root-inhibiting herbicides for preemergence smooth crabgrass control in North Carolina, Turfgrass managers are advised to make split (sequential) applications that total the full labeled rate approximately 8 weeks apart, instead of a single application consisting of the full labeled rate. However, rainfall patterns change dramatically from year to year, so research was conducted to see if these recommendations hold true in wet or dry growing seasons. Trials were conducted on a thin, nonirrigated, low-maintenance stand of tall fescue at Wesleyan College in Rocky Mt., NC from 2002 through 2007. The soil type was a Norfolk sandy loam. Rocky Mt. averages 46.62 inches of rainfall per year. In 2002, 2003 and 2006, rainfall amounts averaged 56.97 inches; while in 2004, 2005 and 2007, rainfall dropped to 39.29 inches. Each year, spray applications were made at 32.5 gpa and 32 psi with a 4-nozzle, 10-inch spacing boom containing XR 8002VS nozzles. Granular applications were spread in 2- to 3 directions with a shaker jar with holes punched in the lid. Plot size was 5 x 10 feet with 4 reps. Treatments included Barricade 65WG and Barricade 4F applied at 0.75 lb ai/A or 0.5 lb ai/A followed by (fb) 0.25 lb ai/A; Team Pro 0.86G, Surflan 4AS and Pendulum 2G applied at 3.0 lb ai/A or 1.5 lb ai/A fb 1.5 lb ai/A; Dimension Ultra 40WP applied at 0.5 lb ai/A or 0.25 lb ai/A fb 0.25 lb ai/A. Rainfall occurrences and amounts after March and the sequential application date for each year follow: 2002 (2 days, 5 days); 2003 (6 days, 1 day); 2004 (3 days, 1 day); 2005 (4 days, 4 days); 2006 (14 days, 6 days); 2007 (1 day, 1 day). Smooth crabgrass control data are visual observations taken from final (September) evaluations of each growing season. Pendulum 2G provided excellent smooth crabgrass control (96%), which was greater than any other herbicide tested except Barricade 65WG. Even though control was similar, their behavior on the soil surface are not very similar. Pendimethalin (Pendulum 2G) has a 44 day half-life (longer if incorporated), is moderately volatile and needs to get in the soil by 7 days. Prodiamine (Barricade 65WG) has a 120 day half-life and is slightly volatile if left exposed on the soil surface for prolonged periods. The success of Pendulum 2G is due to its active ingredient being encoated on a granule that offers protection until activating rainfall events can dissolve the granule and wash the product into the soil, thus increasing half-life. Barricade 65WG provided similar control (87%) as Barricade 4F and Team Pro 0.86G (85 and 80%, respectively), but greater control than Surflan 4AS (77%), which provided greater control than Dimension Ultra 40WP (61%). Dimension Ultra 40WP provided the lowest control of smooth crabgrass of the herbicides tested. This also can be explained by looking at its behavior in the soil. Dithiopyr (Dimension Ultra 40WP) has the shortest half-life of the herbicides tested (17 days), and is moderately to highly volatile (6 to 18% loss in 3 days, 12 to 40% loss in 30 days). Dimension Ultra 40WP needs to be watered in immediately after application to achieve maximum control. Waiting for rainfall events is not recommended when using this product. Split, or sequential applications of the herbicides tested resulted in 85% overall smooth crabgrass control as compared to 77% control when all applications were applied in March. Regardless of moisture regimes, it is beneficial to split-apply root-inhibiting herbicides such as Pendulum 2G, Barricade 65WG and 4F, Team Pro 0.86G, Surflan 4AS and Dimension Ultra 40WP instead of applying a single, full labeled rate. In a Norfolk sandy loam soil that averages 46.62 inches of rainfall per year, Surflan 4AS and Team Pro 0.86G provided 85 and 88%, respectively, smooth crabgrass control when rainfall amounts averaged 39.29 inches. Control dropped to 68 and 73%, respectively, when rainfall average 56.97 inches. Surflan 4AS and Team Pro 0.86G affected smooth crabgrass similarly, and can be explained by their similar behavior in soil. Benefin / trifluralin (Team Pro 0.86G) has a 40 to 45 day half-life, is photodegradable, has low volatility and also degrades by microbes in flooded anaerobic conditions. Oryzalin (Surflan 4AS) has a 20 to 128 day half-life, is photodegradable, has minimal volatilization and also degrades by microbes in flooded anaerobic conditions. Even though the test area was a Norfolk sandy loam, Team Pro 0.86G and Surflan 4AS may possibly breakdown quickly in short-term flooded anaerobic conditions caused by heavy showers. In conclusion, in a nonirrigated Norfolk sandy loam soil, increased smooth crabgrass control can be achieved with split applications of Pendulum 2G, Barricade 65WG and 4F, Team Pro 0.86G, Surflan 4AS and Dimension Ultra 40WP, as compared to a single, full-labeled rate applied preemergence in early March. Also, smooth crabgrass control decreases with Team Pro 0.86G and Surflan 4AS as soil moisture increases, most likely due to breakdown caused by soil microbial activity. Pendulum 2G and Barricade 65WG provide excellent season-long smooth crabgrass control."
Language:English
References:0
Note:This item is an abstract only!
ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Warren, L. S., F. H. Yelverton, and T. W. Gannon. 2008. Performance of smooth crabgrass preemergence herbicides during drought-strickened growing seasons. South. Weed Sci. Soc. Proc. 61:p. 119.
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http://www.swss.ws/wp-content/uploads/docs/2008 Proceedings-SWSS.pdf#page=262
    Last checked: 07/24/2013
    Requires: PDF Reader
    Notes: Item is within a single large file
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