| Abstract/Contents: | "Annual Bluegrass is a native of Europe and is a particular problem in golf course greens and fairways in the United States. There are two types of Annual Bluegrass, Annual and Perennial (Annual is the focus of this study). It is able to germinate in late summer or early fall as soil temperatures fall below 70 degrees Fahrenheit. If it is unmowed, it can grow up to 6 to 8 inches tall. Leaf blades are crinkled part of the way down (1 to 3 inches), with the typical Poa, boat-shaped leaf tips. In 2006 and 2007, we conducted two studies in order to try and find herbicides that would have any kind of control over the Annual Bluegrass. Treatments for the first study included: Barricade 4 L at .75 lb ai/a 60 DBO, Barricade 4 L at .5 lb ai/a 60 DBO, Barricade 4 L lb ai/a 60 DBO followed by Barricade 4 L .5 lb ai/a 102 DAO, Pendulum 3.8 CS 3.0 lb ai/a 45 DBO followed by Pendulum 3.8 CS 1.5 lb ai/a 102 DAO, Dimension 2 EW .5 lb ai/a 45 DBO followed by Dimension 2 EW .5 lb ai/a 102 DAO, Prograss 1.5 EC 1.0 lb ai/a 51 DAO followed by Prograss 1.5 EC 1.0 lb ai/a 86 DAO, Barricade 4 L .5 lb ai/a 60 DBO followed by Revolver .19 SC .028 lb ai/a 3 DBO, Barricade 4 L .5 lb ai/a 60 DBO followed by TranXit 25 DF .016 lb ai/a + NIS L .25% v/v 3 DBO, Barricade 4 L .5 lb ai/a 60 DBO followed by Katana 25 DF .023 lb ai/a 3 DBO, Barricade 4 L .5 lb ai/a 60 DBO followed by Monument 75 DF .014 lb ai/a + NIS L .25% v/v 3 DBO, Revolver .19 SC .028 lb ai/a 3 DBO, TranXit 25 DF .016 lb ai/a + NIS L .25% v/v 3 DBO, Katana 25 DF .023 lb ai/a + NIS L .25% v/v 3 DBO, Monument 75 DF .014 lb ai/a + NIS L .25% v/v 3 DBO. Ratings were taken throughout the study included Annual Bluegrass Control on a 0 to 100 % scale, where 0 is no control and 100 is complete control. In addition to control, we also took a Perennial Ryegrass density rating on a 0 to 100 % scale, where 0 was no coverage and 100 was complete coverage. The bermudagrass was overseeded by the golf course maintenance staff on October 2, 2006 at a rate of 350 lbs/A. The initial treatment was applied on August 7, 2006. Annual Bluegrass control rates were taken on April 12, 2007 (242 DAO) and showed that Barricade .5 lb ai/a followed by Barricade .5 lb ai/a and Barricade .5 lb ai/a followed by Monument + NIS were both greater than 70 percent control. Perennial Ryegrass density rates were taken 149 and 190 DAO respectively. After 149 days, Pendulum followed by Pendulum and Dimension followed by Dimension showed the greatest coverage at 70 percent. After 190 days, Pendulum followed by Pendulum and Revolver by itself showed the greatest coverage at 70 percent. Treatments in the second study included: Reward 2 L .04 lb ai/a + NIS L .25% v/v, Roundup Pro 4 L .5 lb ai/a, Quick Pro 76 DG 1.0 lb ai/a, Finale 1.0 SC 1.5 lb ai/a, TranXit 25 DF .031 lb ai/a + NIS L .25% v/v, Certainty 75 DG .06 lb ai/a + NIS L .25% v/v, Monument 75 DG .03 lb ai/a + NIS L .25% v/v, Katana 25 DG .047 lb ai/a + NIS L .25% v/v, Revolver .19 SC .025 lb ai/a + NIS L .25% v/v, Velocity 17.6 WDG .066 lb ai/a, Prograss 1.5 EC 1.0 lb ai/a, Princep 4 L 2 lb ai/a + NIS L .25% v/v, Kerb 50 WP 1.5 lb ai/a + NIS L .25% v/v. All treatments were applied on January 12, 2007. Rates were taken throughout the study were Annual Bluegrass Control was on a 0 to 100 % scale, where 0 was no control and 100 was complete control. Annual Bluegrass control rates were taken on February 7, 2007 (26 DA-A) and on April 12, 2007 (90 DA-A). After 26 days, Finale alone showed greater than 90 percent control. After 90 days, Roundup Pro, Quick Pro, Finale, TranXit + NIS, Monument + NIS, and Revolver + NIS all showed greater than 90 percent control in Non-overseeded bermudagrass turf. Future research at Clemson University will include continuing to research possible herbicides that will help control Annual Bluegrass, as well as keeping the density of the turf high. In addition, we will research application rates and timing methods to possibly improve the outcome of future studies." |
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