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| Web URL(s): | http://archive.lib.msu.edu/tic/rpr/1994/35300,%20U%20Kentucky, Potter.PDF
Last checked: 11/14/2013
Requires: PDF Reader |
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| Publication Type:
| Report |
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| Material Type: | Manuscript |
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| Monographic Author(s): | Potter, Daniel A.; Powell, A. J.; Haynes, K. F. |
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| Author Affiliation: | Departments of Entomology and Agronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY |
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| Monograph Title: | Cultural Control, Risk Assessment, and Environmentally Responsible Management of White Grubs and Cutworms in Turfgrass: [1994 Annual Research Report], 1994. |
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| Publishing Information: | Lexington, Kentucky: University of Kentucky |
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| # of Pages: | 9 |
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| Collation: | 9 pp. |
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| Abstract/Contents: | "The overall goal of this project is to better understand the factors that determine the distribution and abundance of white grubs and cutworms on golf courses. We also seek ways to reduce populations of these damaging insects through modified cultural practices, and with reduced use of broad-spectrum chemical insecticides. Finally, this project will provide a better understanding of the effects of pesticides on natural enemies (predators and parasites), earthworms, and other beneficial species that live in golf course turf. Fertilization, watering, mowing height, soil compaction, soil pH, and aerification were manipulated in large field plots to determine how these factors affect choice of egg-laying sites, and subsequent populations of Japanese beetle, masked chafer, and green June beetle grubs. Soil moisture was the most important factor determining abundance of white grubs; infestation levels were 2- to 4-fold higher in irrigated plots. In contrast, grubs were less abundant in high-mown turf, and in plots treated with sulfur to lower soil pH. In 1994, for example, total biomass of grubs was reduced by 55% and 77%, respectively, in high-mown and sulfur-treated turf. Liming, fertilization with urea, heavy rolling, and aerification had no effect on white grub populations during this 3-yr study. The number of grubs required to cause noticeable injury was found to be much higher in all common turfgrasses than suggested by prevailing rule-of-thumb estimates used by the industry. Irrigation and fertilization encouraged regrowth of foliage and enhanced appearance and rooting strength of grub-damaged turfgrasses. Most eggs of black cutworms were laid singly on the tips of bentgrass leaf blades. Mowing at 1/8" or 3/16" was shown to remove 80-91% of black cutworms laid on bentgrass greens. This suggests that cutworm infestations may originate from larger larvae that migrate onto greens from aprons or roughs. Cutworms showed no preference between aerified and non-aerified areas, but our results suggest that they may be repelled by sand top-dressing. When aerification holes were available, about 60% of cutworms used them as a refuge. Cutworm larvae were most active on greens from midnight until just before dawn. Most larvae were observed grazing, i.e., feeding on the turf surface, rather than suggesting that controls would be most effective if applied in the evening or at night. A study was conducted in 1994 to clarify how long it takes for populations of predators, earthworms, and other beneficial species to return to normal levels following use of broad-spectrum insecticides. Ethoprop (Mocap) applied in April resulted in 100% kill of earthworms. Populations were still reduced by 70 to >90% in both small and large plots at the end of the growing season. Samples containing predators and other beneficials are presently being sorted and analyzed. Analysis of female extracts by electrophysiology and gas chromatography pinpointed the fraction containing the sex pheromone of masked chafer beetles. Identification of the pheromone is expected soon. Synthesis of this attractant will provide means for monitoring these pests on golf courses and home lawns." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 0 |
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| See Also: | See also related summary article "Cultural control, risk assessment, and environmentally responsible management of white grubs and cutworms in turfgrass" 1994 Turfgrass Research Summary [USGA], 1994, p. 48-49, R=35300. R=35300 |
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| Note: | Also appears as pp. 00439-00447 in the USGA Turfgrass Research Committee Reporting Binders for 1994.
"Progress Report, USGA Turfgrass Research Foundation, MIS #9010101045-1991"
"Progress Report: 1994" |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
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| Web URL(s):
http://archive.lib.msu.edu/tic/rpr/1994/35300,%20U%20Kentucky, Potter.PDF
Last checked: 11/14/2013
Requires: PDF Reader |
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