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| Web URL(s): | https://archive.lib.msu.edu/tic/itgcs/article/1991feb77.pdf
Last checked: 09/29/2008
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| Publication Type:
| Proceedings |
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| Author(s): | Hodges, Clinton |
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| Author Affiliation: | Ph.D. and Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa |
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| Title: | The microbiology of nonpathogens and minor root pathogens in high-sand content greens |
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| Meeting Info.: | February 5-12, 1991: Las Vegas, Nevada |
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| Source: | Proceedings of the 62nd International Golf Course Conference and Show. 1991, p. 77-80. |
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| Publishing Information: | Lawrence, KS: Golf Course Superintendents Association of America |
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| # of Pages: | 4 |
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| Keywords: | TIC Keywords: Sand-based golf greens; root damage; Microbiology; Cultural methods; Curvularia; Pythium; Acremonium; Microdochium
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| Abstract/Contents: | States that because of the stressful conditions under which today's greens are maintained, both nonpathogenic microbes and minor root pathogens are increasingly involved in disease problems. The physical characteristics of sand and the cultural practices used may inadvertently contribute to the microbiological problems. Microbial populations of sand are believed to be less diverse or lush than those found in soil. Thus, the sand placed in a green may be more susceptible to colonization by organisms in the surrounding soil. Roots going in sand have sharp twists and turns; therefore, the inner side of most twists and turns show cuts due to the root growing around the sharp edges of the sand particle. Many sand sources are calcareous with pH values of 7.5 to 8.5 or higher. These alkaline sands are especially supportive of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and may also promote growth of some fungi and sulfate-reducing bacteria in anaerobic microsites within the green. Close mowing (1/8 inch) subjects plants to severe stress during high temperatures and opens the surface for greater light penetration and colonization by cyanobacteria. Close mowing and sand abrasion predispose the plant to attack by microorganisms normally of little consequence to healthy turf. The microbiological problems associated with the excessive irrigation are cyanobacteria and black-layer. Cyanobacteria reduce drainage and induce anaerobic conditions that support growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria and black-layer. Excessive use of iron and sulfur may promote cyanobacteria and can be utilized by sulfate-reducing bacteria in black-layer development. Nonpathogenic microbial problems of high-sand content green include cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), sulfate-reducing bacteria and fungal mycelium responsible for localized dry spots. Cyanobacteria deposit hydrophilic mucilaginous substances in the sand and create a perched-water table at the surface of the green. Minor root pathogens include Pythium, Curvularia, Microdochium, and Acremonium. P. arrhenomanes and P. aristosporum are minor pathogens of young roots in sand mixes during establishment. They persist and damage turf the first two years after construction and then usually cease. They show a preference for very young roots or aging roots. Describes the minor root pathogens in detail. Sand abrasion, pH and 1/8-inch mowing, in combination with periods of high temperature, may be the primary stress factor predisposing roots to infection by minor pathogens or in aiding in the colonization of sand by nonpathogens. |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 0 |
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| Note: | Reprint appears in OGCSA Newsletter, 6(4) November 1991, p. 21-23
Reprint appears in Thru the Green, March 1992, p. 6-7 |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Hodges, C. 1991. The microbiology of nonpathogens and minor root pathogens in high-sand content greens. p. 77-80. In Proceedings of the 62nd International Golf Course Conference and Show. February 5-12, 1991: Las Vegas, Nevada. Lawrence, KS: Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. |
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https://archive.lib.msu.edu/tic/itgcs/article/1991feb77.pdf
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MSU catalog number: SB 433 .I5 |
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