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| DOI: | 10.1094/PDIS-01-15-0127-PDN |
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| Web URL(s): | http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/full/10.1094/PDIS-01-15-0127-PDN
Last checked: 10/09/2015
Access conditions: Item is within a limited-access website |
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| Publication Type:
| Report |
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| Author(s): | Giordano, P. R.;
Zeng, Q.;
Dykema, N. M.;
Detweiler, A. R.;
Vargas, J. M. Jr. |
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| Author Affiliation: | Giordano: Bayer Crop Science, Guelph, ON, Canada; Zeng: Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT; Dykema, Detweiler, and Vargas: Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI |
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| Title: | First report of Xanthomonas translucens causing wilt disease on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in the United States |
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| Section: | Disease notes
Other records with the "Disease notes" Section
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| Source: | Plant Disease. Vol. 99, No. 9, September 2015, p. 1270. |
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| Publishing Information: | [Washington, D.C.]: Bureau of Plant Industry, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture |
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| # of Pages: | 1 |
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| Keywords: | TIC Keywords: Bacterial diseases; Bacterial wilt; Disease development; Disease distribution; Lolium perenne; Symptoms
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| Geographic Terms: | Baltimore, Maryland |
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| Abstract/Contents: | "Bacterial diseases of turfgrass are rare, but can be devastating due to their prolific nature and the lack of labeled efficacious pesticides. Bacterial wilt of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne, PRG) was first observed on a golf course fairway in Baltimore, MD, during hot (30 to 33 °C), humid weather in May 2013. Symptoms of general wilt, etiolation, chlorosis, and decline were observed on individual plants in irregular areas of the turf stand. Bacterial streaming was present when cut ends of symptomatic plants were observed microscopically at 100Œ. The suspected causal agent was isolated by cutting leaf tissue into 1 to 3 mm segments and surface disinfesting for 1 min in 10% sodium hypochlorite solution followed by a rinse in sterile distilled water for 1 min. Leaf blades were placed into 1.5-ml Eppendorf microtubes with 20 Υl of sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution (pH 7) and macerated with a sterile scalpel. Ten-fold serial dilutions up to 1 × 10-4 were performed in sterile PBS; 10 Υl of each suspension was plated onto nutrient agar (NA) (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD) and incubated at room temperature (21 °C) for 7 to 10 days. The most frequently observed colonies were mucoid, convex, and yellow pigmented. Pure cultures of the putative pathogen were obtained by selecting single-bacterial colonies to grow in trypticase soy broth (TSB) (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD) medium for 10 days. These were used to inoculate four replicates of Lolium perenne cv. 'CSI' plants grown in Suremix perlite (Michigan Grower Products, Inc., Galesburg, MI) in 24-oz foam cups (24J16, Dart Container Corp., Mason, MI). Healthy PRG plants were inoculated with 5 ml of a 1.0 Œ 108 CFU/ml suspension by adding drops of the suspension to blades of sterile scissors that were then used to cut the healthy plants. Inoculations with the predominant bacterium obtained from original samples resulted in symptoms of chlorosis and leaf tip dieback after four days and severe necrosis after 7 days. When symptomatic leaves of the inoculated plants were cut, heavy bacterial streaming was observed microscopically. Isolation of the bacterium from inoculated PRG plants was performed to fulfill Koch's postulates. Once isolated, a single bacterial colony was identified via 16S rDNA sequencing. A 1450-bp fragment of the 16S rDNA gene was amplified and sequenced by Sanger sequencing. Subsequent BLAST analysis of the resulting sequence indicated the causal agent was a member of the Xanthomonas genus, with 100% sequence similarity to X. translucens pv. graminis (GenBank Accession AY855873.1). The same aerobic, gram-negative bacterium has been consistently isolated from inoculated, symptomatic PRG plants thus far. X. translucens is a known pathogen on other turfgrass species (Mitkowski et al. 2005; Roberts et al. 2014). Multiple fungicide applications are typically made in an effort to control this formally unidentified disease, often misdiagnosed as Leptosphaerulina leaf blight. Understanding this as a bacterial and not a fungal disease should result in a considerable cost savings from ineffective fungicide applications as well as a reduction of their environmental impact. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a bacterial disease affecting a turf-type perennial ryegrass species in the United States." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 2 |
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| See Also: | Updated version appears in Golf Course Management, 84(2) February 2016, p. 102-103, R=269032. R=269032 |
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| Note: | This item is an abstract only! |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Giordano, P. R., Q. Zeng, N. M. Dykema, A. R. Detweiler, and J. M. Jr. Vargas. 2015. First report of Xanthomonas translucens causing wilt disease on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in the United States. Plant Disease. 99(9):p. 1270. |
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| DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-01-15-0127-PDN |
| Web URL(s):
http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/full/10.1094/PDIS-01-15-0127-PDN
Last checked: 10/09/2015
Access conditions: Item is within a limited-access website |
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MSU catalog number: b2191617 |
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