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| Publication Type:
| Report |
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| Content Type: | Abstract or Summary only |
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| Author(s): | Haygood, R. A. |
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| Author Affiliation: | Mycogen Corporation, Ruston, LA |
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| Title: | Development of a bacterial biocontrol agent for postemergence control of annual bluegrass (Poa annua) in turf |
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| Meeting Info.: | San Antonio, TX: January 14-16, 1991 |
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| Source: | Southern Weed Science Society Proceedings. Vol. 44, 1991, p. 385. |
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| Publishing Information: | Champaign, IL: Southern Weed Science Society. |
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| # of Pages: | 1 |
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| Keywords: | TIC Keywords: Biological weed control; Environmental protection; Xanthomonas campestris; Postemergence herbicides; Poa annua; Plant interaction; Pathogens; Research
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| Abstract/Contents: | "Interest in development of biological controls of weeds has increased over the past 20 years in both academic and industrial research programs. This is largely due to intensified environmental and safety concerns which include groundwater contamination as well as applicator and public exposure. Key research issues for development of biocontrol agents include host range, efficacy, production economics, product stabilization, application feasibility, environmental constraints and proprietary protection. A strain of the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris which kills annual bluegrass (Poa annua) was discovered at Michigan State University in 1984. Intitial greenhouse research studies indicated that the bacterium effectively entered the plants through mowing wounds, colonized the plants in a systemic manner and killed them within 2 weeks after inoculation. This turned out to be a significant discovery because: 1) moisture was not a limiting factor for infection as is the case with many mycoherbicides; and 2) the pathogen had a very restricted host range. Based on the fact that annual bluegrass is a difficult to control weed in managed turf areas and that the bacterium exhibited desirable characteristics of a biocontrol agent, Mycogen Corporation licensed the bacterium from MSU in March, 1989. Chemotoxonomic and molecular studies revealed that the bacterium is a previously undescribed pathovar of X. campestris which is most closely related to known, forage-grass pathovars. This appears to be a widely distributed, naturally occurring bacterium since similar isolates have been discovered in seven states with diverse geographical locations. Challenges of the bacterium to numerous types of plants in extensive host range studies thus far have not demonstrated undesirable responses on cultivated grass species or commercial agricultural crops. Annual bluegrass plants are killed within 10 days when inoculated with ca 1 X 10[superscript]9 cfu/ml and maintained at favorable day/night temperatures of 20/30C. As is the case with many other plant/pathogen interactions, reductions in temperature and/or inoculum concentration slow disease development. Ability to alter rate of plant decline may enable smooth transition of annual bluegrass infested sites to desirable turfs." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 0 |
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| Note: | This item is an abstract only! |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Haygood, R. A. 1991. Development of a bacterial biocontrol agent for postemergence control of annual bluegrass (Poa annua) in turf. South. Weed Sci. Soc. Proc. 44:p. 385. |
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MSU catalog number: SB 611 .S6 |
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