Full TGIF Record # 31476
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Web URL(s):http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ps.2780420108/epdf
    Last checked: 10/07/2015
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Publication Type:
i
Refereed
Author(s):Racke, Kenneth D.; Fontaine, Donald D.; Yoder, Robin N.; Miller, Jack R.
Author Affiliation:Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, DowElanco, Indianapolis, IN
Title:Chlorpyrifos degradation in soil at termiticidal application rates
Source:Pesticide Science. Vol. 42, No. 1, September 1994, p. 43-51.
Publishing Information:London : Society of Chemical Industry
# of Pages:9
Keywords:TIC Keywords: Chlorpyrifos; Degradation; Soils; Insecticides; Application rates
Abstract/Contents:"Chlorphyrifos [O,O-diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate] is an organophosphorus insecticide applied to soil to control pests both in agricultural and in urban developments. Typical agricultural soil applications (O-56 to 5-6 kg ha-1) result in initial soil surface residues of O-3 to 32 mu g g-1. In contrast, termiticidal soil barrier treatments, a common urban use pattern, often result in initial soil residues of 1000 mu g g-1 or greater. The purpose of the present investigation was to understand better the degradation of chlorpyrifos in soil at termiticidal application rates and factors affecting its behaviour. Therefore, studies with [14C] chlorpyrifos were conducted under a variety of conditions in the laboratory. Initially, the degradation of chlorpyrifos at 1000 mu g g-1 initial concentration was examined in five different soils from termite-infested regions (Arizona, Florida, Hawaii, Texas) under standard conditions (25 Celcius, field moisture capacity, darkness). Degradation half-lives in these soils ranged from 175 to 1576 days. The major metabolite formed in chlorpyrifos-treated soils was 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, which represented up to 61% of applied radiocarbon after 13 months of incubation. Minor quantities of [14 C] carbon dioxide (<5%) and soil-bound residues (<= 12%) were also present at that time. Subsequently, a factorial experiment examining chlorpyrifos degradation as affected by initial concentration (10, 100, 1000 mu g g-1), soil moisture (field moisture capacity, 1-5 MPa, air dry), and temperature 15, 25, 35 Celcius) was conducted in the two soils which had displayed the most (Texas) and least (Florida) rapid rates of degradation. Chlorpyrifos degradation was significantly retarded at the 1000 mu g g-1 rate as compared to the 10 mu g g-1 rate. Temperature also had a dramatic effect on degradation rate, which approximately doubled with each 10 Celcius increase in temperature. Results suggest that the extended (3-24 + years) termiticidal efficacy of chlorpyrifos observed in the field may be due both to the high initial concentrations employed (termite LC 50 = 0.2 - 2 mu g g-1) and the extended persistence which results from employment of these rates. The study also highlights the importance of investigating the behaviour of a pesticide under the diversity of agricultural and urban use scenarios in which it is employed."
Language:English
References:32
Note:Figures
Tables
ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Racke, K. D., D. D. Fontaine, R. N. Yoder, and J. R. Miller. 1994. Chlorpyrifos degradation in soil at termiticidal application rates. Pest Manage. Sci. 42(1):p. 43-51.
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http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ps.2780420108/epdf
    Last checked: 10/07/2015
    Requires: PDF Reader
    Access conditions: Item is within a limited-access website
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