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Publication Type:
| Report |
Author(s): | Webster, E. P.;
Shaw, D. R.;
Baughman, T. A. |
Author Affiliation: | Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 |
Title: | Reduction of herbicide loss in runoff with the use of vegetative filter strips |
Meeting Info.: | 48th Annual Meeting, Memphis, TN, January 16-18, 1995 |
Source: | Southern Weed Science Society Proceedings. Vol. 48, January 1995, p. 215. |
Publishing Information: | Champaign, IL: Southern Weed Science Society. |
# of Pages: | 1 |
Keywords: | TIC Keywords: Festuca arundinacea; Herbicides; Paraquat
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Abstract/Contents: | "Field experiments were established from 1991 through 1993 to quantify off-site movement of metolachlor and metribuzin in runoff water from soybean plots planted convention till, no-till, and no-till following wheat, each with and without a grass filter strip. The filter consisted of a 2-m wide strip of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) across the entire width of the plot just prior to entry into the the flume. Plots were 4 m wide and 22 m long. Metolachlor and metribuzin were applied to all plots at 3.4 and 0.42 kg ai/ha, respectively. Paraquat was also applied to no-till plots at planting to kill existing vegetation. Plots were maintained weed free after soybean emergence by hand hoeing. A rainfall simulator was used to supplement natural rainfall to guarantee a minimum of 5 cm of rainfall at 2-week intervals, if necessary. All runoff was collected from each plot and quantified. Two 1-L samples were collected within 24 h of the runoff event and stored at 5 C until analyzed by gas chromatography. Residues were determined with a lower detection limit of 250 and 100 ppt for metolachlor and metribuzin, respectively. These concentration values were then combined with the total runoff from each event on a per hectare basis, and cumulative herbicide loss due to offsite movement in runoff was determined. Regression analysis was used to describe concentration loss patterns across the tillage system-border strip combinations. The rainfall amounts during the sampling period for 1991 through 1993 were 215, 354, and 419 mm, respectively. Slope comparison analysis indicated no difference in herbicide concentration in runoff from any soybean production system within the same filter strip treatment. However, runoff amounts were reduced when a filter strip was present, and by coupling total runoff with concentration, the herbicide loss was determined. In 1991, the highest total loss of metolachlor was 65 g/ha, which was 2% of the total applied, but in 1992 the highest total loss was 136 g/ha, which was 4% of the total applied. These losses occurred on a monocrop no-till system without a filter strip; when a filter strip was present, metolachlor loss was reduced over 50%, to 26 and 35 g/ha, respectively. In 1993, the highest loss was from the doublecrop no-till system without a filter strip. The total loss was 147 g/ha, which was approximately 4% of the total applied. When a filter strip was present, losses were less than 1% of the total applied. The highest total loss of metribuzin in 1991 was 10 g/ha, which was approximately 2% of the amount applied. The loss occurred from the monocrop no-till without a filter strip; when a filter was present total losses were cut in half. The highest total loss of metribuzin in 1992 and 1993 was 33 g/ha and 46 g/ha, respectively. These losses were approximately 8% of the total applied in 1992 and 11% in 1993, and these losses occurred on the doublecrop no-till system without a filter strip. When a filter strip was present, losses were reduced by 22% in 1992 and 89% in 1993. In most cases, the presence of the filter strip reduced total herbicide loss compared to plots without a filter strip by approximately 50%." |
Language: | English |
References: | 0 |
| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete): Webster, E. P., D. R. Shaw, and T. A. Baughman. 1995. Reduction of herbicide loss in runoff with the use of vegetative filter strips. South. Weed Sci. Soc. Proc. 48:p. 215. |
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