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| Web URL(s): | http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/pdf/10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.9.964
Last checked: 08/27/2010
Requires: PDF Reader |
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| Publication Type:
| Refereed |
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| Author(s): | Ristaino, Jean Beagle;
Thomas, William |
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| Author Affiliation: | Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh; Stratospheric Protection Division, Office of Atmospheric Programs, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. |
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| Title: | Agriculture, methyl bromide, and the ozone hole: Can we fill the gaps? |
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| Source: | Plant Disease. Vol. 81, No. 9, September 1997, p. 964-977. |
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| Publishing Information: | St. Paul, MN: American Phytopathological Society |
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| # of Pages: | 14 |
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| Keywords: | TIC Keywords: Methyl bromide; Preplanting treatment; Pesticide usage legislation; Cultural methods; Ozone; Soil fumigation; Agriculture; Fumigants; Pesticides; Federal legislation; USEPA; Economic impacts
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| Abstract/Contents: | "Methyl bromide is a widely used fumigant in U.S. agriculture and its one of the five most used pesticides in the United States (68). Between 25,000 and 27,000 t of methyl bromide are applied annually (70). More than 75% of the use of methyl bromide is for preplant fumigation of soil (68) (Fig. 1A). In addition, methyl bromide is used for postharvest treatment of nonperishables (13%) and perishables (8.6%), and for quarantine purposes (<1%). The compound also occurs as an intermediate in chemical manufacturing and is used as a medical sterilant. Methyl bromideis an effective herbicide, nematicide, insecticide, and fungicide and has been used commercially in the United States for soil fumigation and quarantine purposes for most of the twentieth century (53). Considerable evidence has accumulated that methyl bromide is a potent ozone depletor, and the compound is scheduled to be phased out in the United States by 2001 under the Clean Air Act (71). The use of methyl bromide was a critical factor in dramatic changes in crop production systems in California, Florida, North Carolina, and elsewhere. Crop rotations were once standard methods of pest management before widespread use of soil fumigation and plastic mulching. Production of crops such as strawberries and fresh market tomatoes has become highly dependent on methyl bromide use, leading to reductions in crop rotation and in diversification of production practices (7). The economic viability of specific crops in Florida, California, North Carolina, and other states could be affected by the loss of this compound if no alternatives are available (9, 62, 69). The purpose of this article is to review the scientific, trade, regulatory, and policy issues that will affect the use of methyl bromide in agriculture and to discuss methyl bromide alternatives." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 87 |
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| See Also: | Other items relating to: MEBR |
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| Note: | Pictures, color & b/w
Figures
Tables |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Ristaino, J. B., and W. Thomas. 1997. Agriculture, methyl bromide, and the ozone hole: Can we fill the gaps?. Plant Dis. 81(9):p. 964-977. |
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| Web URL(s):
http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/pdf/10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.9.964
Last checked: 08/27/2010
Requires: PDF Reader |
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MSU catalog number: SB 599 .P95 |
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