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| Publication Type:
| Report |
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| Content Type: | Abstract or Summary only |
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| Author(s): | Cole, J. T.;
Baird, J. H.;
Martin, D. L.;
Basta, N. T.;
Johnson, G. V.;
Huhnke, R. L.;
Storm, D. E.;
Smolen, M. D.;
Payton, M. E. |
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| Author Affiliation: | Cole, Baird, Martin: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture; Basta and Johnson: Department of Agronomy; Huhnke, Storm, Smolen: Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering; Payton: Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University |
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| Title: | Evaluation of best management practices to protect surface water quality from 2,4-D, dicamba, and mecoprop applied to bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] fairways |
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| Section: | Papers and Abstracts Presented
Other records with the "Papers and Abstracts Presented" Section
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| Meeting Info.: | 49th Annual Meeting, Charlotte, NC, January 15-17, 1996 |
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| Source: | Southern Weed Science Society Proceedings. Vol. 49, 1996, p. 65. |
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| Publishing Information: | Champaign, IL: Southern Weed Science Society. |
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| # of Pages: | 1 |
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| Abstract/Contents: | "The potential for surface runoff of pesticides and nutrients from golf courses into surface water is the subject of increasing environmental concern. While turf has been shown to be a very efficient filter to chemicals, it is less effective when an unforeseen, heavy precipitation event closely follows the application of pesticides and fertilizer. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of buffer-strips and other practical management techniques that can be readily incorporated into golf course management programs to reduce surface water contamination from runoff of pesticides and nutrients from fairways. This experiment was conducted on a 1.2-ha common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] field maintained under simulated golf course fairway conditions. The site has an average slope of 6% (5.4-6.6% range) and the surface soil is a Kirkland silt loam. A portable rainfall simulator was used to apply controlled precipitation on areas containing four 1.8-m x 9.8-m plots. The treatments were buffer-strip: 1) length (0 vs 2.4 m vs. 4.9 m); 2) mowing height (1.3 cm vs. 3.8 cm); and 3) solid-tine aerification (vs. no aerification). The buffer area was considered to represent golf course rough or, the area between the treated area (fairway) and runoff collection point (surface water feature). The buffer (rough) was mowed at 1.3 cm to represent no rough or 3.8 cm to represent the standard mowing height for bermudagrass rough in Oklahoma. The solid-tine aerification treatment was performed on the buffer area only. Each plot area receiving pesticide and fertilizer measured 1.8 m x 4.9 m and was mowed at 1.3 cm to represent a fairway. The following fertilizers and pesticides were applied to the treated area: nitrogen at 49 kg ai/ha from urea (46N-0P-0K) or sulfur-coated urea (39-0-0); phosphorus at 49 kg ai/ha from triple superphosphate (0N-46P-0K); chlorpyrifos (0.5G or 50WP) at 2.2 kg ai/ha; 2,4-D at 1.1 kg ai/ha, mecoprop at 0.6 kg ai/ha, and dicamba at 0.1 kg ai/ha formulated as Trimec Classic© (PBI-Gordon Corp., Kansas City, KS). Simulated rainfall events took place within 24 hours of pesticide and fertilizer application. Runoff samples were collected and analyzed for pesticides and nutrients. The experimental design was a randomized incomplete block with four replications and the experiment was repeated. In the July run, no natural precipitation was detected within 12 days of simulated rainfall; bu contrast, 165 mm of natural precipitation fell on the runoff site within 6 days of simulated rainfall in August. In July, percent recovery of pesticides and nutrients was less than 3% and 2%, respectively, based upon the total mass applied. Percent recovery of 2,4-D mecoprop, and dicamba in July was 3%, 3%, and 1.5%, respectively. With the exception of nitrogen, highest concentration and mass of pesticides and nutrients were recovered in runoff from the treatment containing no buffer. In August, percent recovery of pesticides and nutrients was as great as 15% and 11%, respectively. Percent recovery of 2,4-D, mecoprop, and dicamba in August was 14%, 15%, and 8%, respectively. In August, several of the trends observed in July were reversed, indicating that the effectiveness of the buffer-strip treatments was overcome by the increased volume of surface runoff. Overall, buffer-strip length was the most effective treatment for reducing pesticide and nutrient runoff compared to mowing height and aerification. Reduced runoff occurred from the wettable powder formulation of chlorpyrifos and the sulfur-coated urea form of nitrogen. Based upon this investigation, the following management practices are recommended to reduce pesticide and nutrient runoff from golf course fairways: 1) incorporate a buffer-strip between surface water features and treated areas; 2) avoid application of pesticides and fertilizer when high soil moisture conditions exist; and 3) develop pest and nutrient management programs that utilize pesticide and fertilizer formulations with low runoff potential." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 0 |
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| Note: | This item is an abstract only! |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Cole, J. T., J. H. Baird, D. L. Martin, N. T. Basta, G. V. Johnson, R. L. Huhnke, et al. 1996. Evaluation of best management practices to protect surface water quality from 2,4-D, dicamba, and mecoprop applied to bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] fairways. South. Weed Sci. Soc. Proc. 49:p. 65. |
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