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| Publication Type:
| Refereed |
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| Author(s): | Hodges, Clinton F.;
Campbell, Douglas A. |
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| Author Affiliation: | Department of Horticulture, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA |
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| Title: | Nutrient salts and the toxicity of black-layer induced by cyanobacteria and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans to Agrostis palautris |
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| Source: | Plant and Soil. Vol. 195, No. 1, August 1997, p. 53-60. |
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| Publishing Information: | Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers |
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| # of Pages: | 8 |
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| Related Web URL: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A%3A1004283326204
Last checked: 10/14/2015
Notes: Abstract only |
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| Keywords: | TIC Keywords: Algae; Black layer; Bacteria; Calcium carbonate; Iron chelates; Agrostis stolonifera; Cyanobacteria; Fructose; Golf greens; Root growth; Sulfate reduction; Oscillatoria; Sulfur
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| Abstract/Contents: | "Cyanobacteria and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans can interact to form a subsurface black-layer in high-sand content golf greens that impairs internal water drainage and results in the decline of the Agrostis palaustris turfgrass on the green. Research was initiated to evaluate the effect of mineral salts (sulfur, iron, lime) and fructose (a soluble carbohydrate) added to a balanced nutrient salts control solution on the development and toxicity of black-layer to the growth of A. palustris. The various nutrient salts combinations were applied to single isolates of cyanobacteria and D. desulfuricans in non-black-layered sand, and to the combination of cyanobacteria and D. desulfuricans (necessary for black-layer development) in black-layered sand. Dry weights of A. palustris treated with the salts control decreased with individual isolates of cyanobacteria and more in the blackened sand produced by the combinations of cyanobacteria and D. desulfuricans. The addition of sulfur to the salts control increased dry weights of A. palustris growing with single isolates of cyanobacteria and in the sand blackened by the combinations of cyanobacteria and D. desulfuricans compared with the salts control; dry weight decreased in response sulfur only in nonblackened sand with D desulfuricans alone. The addition of iron to the salts control produced the greatest increase in dry weight relative to the salts control among all single and combined microorganisms, except for ^D. desulfuricans. The addition of lime or fructose to the salts control decreased dry weight among plants growing in the no-organism control, with D. desulfovibrio alone, and with individual isolates of cyanobacteria relative to the salts control. Dry weights in response to lime and fructose in sand blackened by the combination of cyanobacteria and D. desulfuricans remained unchanged or decreased relative to the salts control. Growing roots of A. palustris cleared the blackening in sand and showed gold-colored cortical cells with blackened cell walls and vascular cylinders. The observations are discussed relative to the role of the various salts on the toxicity of D. desulfuricans to A. palustris in black-layered and nonblack-layer sand." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 26 |
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| Note: | Figures |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Hodges, C. F., and D. A. Campbell. 1997. Nutrient salts and the toxicity of black-layer induced by cyanobacteria and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans to Agrostis palautris. Plant Soil. 195(1):p. 53-60. |
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