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| Author(s): | Craft, Cheryl M.;
Nelson, Eric B. |
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| Author Affiliation: | Deptartment of Plant Pathology, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York |
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| Title: | Microbial properties of composts that suppress damping-off and root rot of creeping bentgrass caused by Pythium graminicola |
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| Source: | Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 62, No. 5, May 1996, p. 1550-1557. |
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| Publishing Information: | Washington, D.C.: American Society for Microbiology |
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| # of Pages: | 8 |
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| Keywords: | TIC Keywords: Composts; Damping-off; Pythium root rot; Agrostis stolonifera; Disease control; Microorganisms; Pythium graminicola; Trials; Bacteria; Fungi; Actinomycetales
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| Abstract/Contents: | "Composts prepared from a variety of feedstocks were tested for their ability to repress seedling and root diseases of creeping bentgrass caused by Pythium graminicola. Among the most suppressive materials in laboratory experiments were different batches of brewery sludge compost and a biosolids compost from Endicott, N.Y. Batches of these composts that were initially not suppressive to Pythium damping-off became more suppressive with the increasing compost age. Leaf, yard waste, food, and spent mushroom composts as well as certain biosolids, cow manure, chicken-cow manure, and leaf-chicken manure composts were not suppressive to Pythium damping-off. In some cases, turkey litter, chicken manure, chicken-leaf, and food wastes were inhibitory to creeping bentgrass seed germination in laboratory experiments. Microbial populations varied among all of the composts tested. Bacterial populations were high in all of the composts except the turkey litter compost, in which populations were 1,000- to 10,000-fold lower than in the other composts tested. Among the highest populations of heterotrophic fungi and anti-biotic producing actinomycetes were those found in all batches of the brewery sludge compost, whereas the lowest populations were found in turkey litter, chicken manure, and food waste composts. Heat treatment of suppressive composts reduced populations of bacteria, fungi, and actimycetes in all composts tested. Disease suppressiveness was also reduced or eliminated in heated composts. Amending heated composts with small amounts of nonheated compost restored suppressive properties and partially restored microbial populations to wild-type levels. A strong negative relationship between compost microbial behavior (as measured by the hydrolysis of flourescien diacetate) and Pythium damping-off severity was observed. When composts were applied to creeping bentgrass in field experiments, a significant level of suppressiveness was evident with some composts when disease pressure was high (i.e., disease ratings high in uninoculated plots). A 1991 batch of turkey litter compost and the 1990 batch of Endicott biosolids were consistently suppressive to foliar symptoms of Pythium root rot on creeping bentgrass. This study indicates that suppression of Pythium diseases of creeping bentgrass in batches of brewery sludge and Endicott biosolids composts, and possibly on suppressive composts examined in less detail in this study, is related directly to microbial activities in the composts. On the other hand, the mechanisms of Pytium suppression in turkey litter and perhaps other poultry-based composts is not related directly to the compost microbial activity. Although turkey litter showed a lack of suppressiveness in laboratory bioassays and low populations and activity, it resulted in a significant and consistent level of suppressiveness an field experiments. Therefore, the microbiological properties of Pythium-suppressive components may differ substantiallly, and measurements of microbial populations and activity may not be predictive of the level of disease suppression in all composts." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 48 |
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| Note: | Tables
Graphs
Figures |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Craft, C. M., and E. B. Nelson. 1996. Microbial properties of composts that suppress damping-off and root rot of creeping bentgrass caused by Pythium graminicola. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62(5):p. 1550-1557. |
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