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| Publication Type:
| Report |
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| Author(s): | Schulz, Heinz |
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| Author Affiliation: | Institut für Pflanzenbau und Grünland, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany |
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| Title: | Entwicklung der Vegetation auf Rauhflächen ausgewählter Golfplätze in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland |
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| Translated Title: | [Development of vegetation in roughs of select golf courses in the Federal Republic of Germany] |
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| Source: | Rasen-Turf-Gazon. Vol. 30, No. 3, September 1999, p. 56-66. |
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| Publishing Information: | Bonn, Germany: Hortus Verlag |
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| # of Pages: | 11 |
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| Keywords: | TIC Keywords: Golf rough; Low maintenance landscape; Mowing; Fodder grass; Arrhenatherum elatius; Sand-based golf greens; Cyperaceae; Legumes; Ruderal soils; Pastures; Grasslands; Diversity
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| Facility Names: | Öschberghof Golf Course, in Donaueschingen, Germany; Wörthsee Golf Course, in Bavaria, Germany; Treudelberg Golf Course, in Hamburg, Germany; Märkischer Golf Course, in Potsdam, Germany; Monrepos Castle Golf Course, in Baden-Württemburg, Germany |
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| Abstract/Contents: | Almost half of the 32,000 hectares of golf courses in the Federal Republic of Germany are low-maintenance rough areas. To illustrate this, the development of several plant societies on six golf courses was documented. In 1990 and 1997, inventory was taken on the Öschberghof Golf Course in Donaueschingen. The roughs were formerly mowed twice a year, but currently are only mowed once annually. The group of roughs recorded could be classified as thistle meadows. Because of the decline in fodder grasses and herbs in the roughs, the total number of species has dropped from 55 to 44. The class-, order-, organization-, and association-identification species have survived. A second area recorded could be classified as a dry variant of the tall oatgrass meadow. The proportion of mass-growing species had declined, while that of herbs had increased. In both cases the "red list species" had remained. A typical tall oatgrass meadow on the Wörthsee golf course in Bavaria, established in 1982/83, was examined in 1990 and 1998; it is clipped one to three times annually. Several species which originally showed irregularities and a nitrogen surplus have disappeared. The number of typical meadow plants, on the other hand, has increased. On the Hamburg-Holm golf course, a poor heath turf, an oak-birch forest, and a "succession area" were evaluated in three-year intervals: 1992, 1995, and 1998. No negative development was noticed. The number of species on the succession areas increased from 14 to 20 and then to 26. The examination of the Treudelberg golf course in Hamburg in 1991/92, 1994, and 1997/98 revealed that the number of species increased considerably on dry sand turf as well as in sedge meadows, in spite of the fact that several nitrogen indicators disappeared. Most importantly, however, is the fact that the number of species and mass proportion of the legumes disappeared. On the "Märkischer" golf course in Potsdam, stock was taken of a ruderal area in 1992. After a five-year period, 15 plant societies, mainly as representatives of the cornfield flora and meadow herbs, were rediscovered, resulting in the development of a grassland society with a tendency toward poor turf. Stock was also taken of the 1992 seedings and successive seedings in 1994 and 1998 of the formerly agricultural areas of the Monrepos Castle Golf Course in Baden-Württemburg. The number of initially dominant species of the wild herb groups and frequently disturbed places declined. One or two clippings resulted in a development towards a tall oatgrass meadow. However, the areas which were not mowed at all developed from cornfield flora towards grassland, especially with the species around the edges of the area, the lanes, and other frequently distrubed places. It was evident that the pasture environment survived even when used on golf courses, and also that new sowings, as well as ruderal areas and sandy turf, can develop into grassland environments. |
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| Language: | German |
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| References: | 7 |
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| Note: | Tables
Pictures, color |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Schulz, H. 1999. Entwicklung der Vegetation auf Rauhflächen ausgewählter Golfplätze in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. (In German) Rasen Turf Gazon. 30(3):p. 56-66. |
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