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| Publication Type:
| Refereed |
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| Author(s): | Hackett, Graydon A. R.;
Easton, Charles A.;
Duff, Sheldon J. B. |
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| Author Affiliation: | Hackett and Duff: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and UBC Pulp and Paper Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; and Easton: Fletcher Challenge Canada, Ltd., Elk Falls Pulp and Paper, Campbell River, BC |
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| Title: | Composting of pulp and paper mill fly ash with wastewater treatment sludge |
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| Source: | Bioresource Technology. Vol. 70, No. 3, December 1999, p. 217-224. |
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| Publishing Information: | Exeter, England: Elsevier Science, Ltd. |
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| # of Pages: | 8 |
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| Keywords: | TIC Keywords: Composting; Composts; Paper mill sludge; Fly ash; Soil improvement; Soil amendments; Soil conditioners; Soil mixtures; Dioxins; Effluent water; Effluent water treatment; Composted sludge; Leaching; Sod farms; Golf courses; Land reclamation; Windrows; Soil moisture; Soil pH; Carbon; Nitrogen; Metals; Nutrients
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| Abstract/Contents: | "Wastewater treatment sludge and power boiler fly ash were combined and composted in mixed and static windrows 50 m long, 4 m high and 6 m wide. Moisture content was maintained above 50%. The final compost had a pH of 8.5, contained high concentrations of specific nutrients, and an average C:N ratio of 43:1. All metal, PCB, chlorophenol and PAH concentrations were below levels stipulated by local regulations. Over the first 8 weeks of the composting period dioxin concentration decreased by 45% to 41 pg/g TEQ. Leachate tests indicated minimal (<0.1 mg/l Cu and Pb; <50 mg/l Na, P, and SO₄⁻²) leaching of contaminants from the composted material. Application of compost (8 cubic yards/acre) at a sod farm improved soil characteristics as measured by a number of parameters. The dioxin concentrations in the final soil/compost mixture was 3 pg/g TEQ, allowing the soil/compost mixture to be classified as agricultural soil. It was concluded that composting produced an acceptable soil conditioner attractive for large volume users of inexpensive soil material (sod farms, golf courses, land reclamation sites)." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 32 |
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| Note: | Tables
Graphs |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Hackett, G. A. R., C. A. Easton, and S. J. B. Duff. 1999. Composting of pulp and paper mill fly ash with wastewater treatment sludge. Bioresour. Technol. 70(3):p. 217-224. |
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