| Abstract/Contents: | "Treatment plots were 6 x 10 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO₂ compressed-air sprayer with 4 8002VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 625 ml of water/60 ft² or delivering 2.7 gal/1,000 ft². Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with fine top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At the 1st treatment time (10 Jul), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 70° F; soil temperature at 10inch depth, 65° F; soil temperature at 2-inch depth, 63° F; RH, 90%; amount of thatch, 0.0625 inch; soil textural class, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 57.7% sand, 30.0% silt, 12.3% clay; soil percent water content (percent by weight), 19.3% organic matter, 4.5%; water pH, 7.0; soi pH, 6.7; time of application, early morning; and cloudy skies. At the 2nd treatment time (24 Jul), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature 59° F; soil temperature at 1-inch depth, 58° F; soil temperature at 2-inch depth, 62° F; RH, 95%; amount of thatch, 0.0625 inch; soil textured class, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 61.3% sand, 27.7% silt, 11.0% clay; soil percent water content (percent by weight), 24.2%; organic matter, 5.2%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.8; time of application, early morning; and overcast skies. At the 3rd treatment time (30 Jul), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 63° F; soil temperature at 1-inch depth, 62° F; soil temperature at 2-inch depth, 60° F; RH, 18%; amount of thatch, 0.0625 inch; soil textural class, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 60.8% sand, 29.0% silt, 10.2% clay; soil percent water content (percent by weight), 19.1%; organic matter, 5.0%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 7.0; time of appication, early morning; and clear skies. The are was irrigated with 0.3 inch of water immediately following application after each treatment time. The experimental area was artificially infested with second- and third-instar BCW larvae on 5 Aug. A total of 11.0 inches of rain or irrigation was recorded from Jul 10 through Aug 14. The entire experimental area was covered with bird netting until posttreatment counts were recorded on 8 aug. Efficacy data were recorded 3 days (8 Aug), 6 days (11 Aug), and 9 days (14 Aug) after infesting the experimental area with BCW larvae by counting the number of larvae flushed to the surface within a 1.0-yd² wood frame sampling area using a soap irritant drench of 30 ml Lemon Joy^D]T^D]M dishwashing detergent in 2 gal of water. An average of 12.2/yd² BCW larvae was recorded on 8 Aug. Halofenozide and cyfluthrin provided up to 29 days suppression from the 10 Jul application. Significant reduction of BCW larvae was observed on 8 Aug in 9 treatments, on 11 Aug in 4 treatments and on 14 Aug in no treatment because BCW populations started to collapse on 11 Aug as a result of heavy bird predation following removal of the protective bird netting. No phytotoxicity was noted." |
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