Full TGIF Record # 7242
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Publication Type:
i
Report
Author(s):Fukuyama, Masataka; Shimamura, Masatoshi; Ushiyama, Masaaki; Oikawa, Muneo
Author Affiliation:Alpine Region Branch, National Grassland Research Institute, Miyota, Nagano, Japan
Title:Chacteristics of short-creeping grass sward: I. Relationship between management and productivity in single sward
Source:Bulletin of the National Grassland Research Institute. Vol. 25, March 1983, p. 96-110.
Publishing Information:Nishinasuno, Tochigi, Japan: s.n.
# of Pages:15
Keywords:TIC Keywords: Poa pratensis; Agrostis stolonifera; Festuca rubra subsp. rubra; Zoysia japonica; Fertilizers; NPK fertilizers; Mowing frequency; Digestibility; Regrowth
Geographic Terms:Japan
Abstract/Contents:"The pasture of short-creeping grass, such as Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L., Kb), Red top (Agrostis alba L., Rt), Creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L., Cr) and Zoysia japonica Steud. (Zy), are suitable to mountain region with steep slope from the point of view of soil conservation. This study was done to clarify plant productivity and suitable management for these swards during the four years from 1977 through 1980 at the southern hillside of Mt. Asama with about 1,000 m altitute within the experimental field of Alpine Region Branch of National Grassland Research Institute in middle mountainous region of Japan. The annual mean temperature, the annual precipitation and the mean solar radiation (total short wave radiation) was 8.3°C, 942 mm and 353 cal/cm2·day, respectively, throughout the experimental years from 1977 to 1980. The swards were treated with the combination of three levels of fertilizer application and cutting: the swards were applied 5, 15 and 30 kg/10 a·yr. in N, with equivalent P2O5 and K2O, and were cut whenever the relative light intensity at 3 cm ground surface reached to 5% (long interval of cutting), 20% (medium interval of cutting) and 50% (short interval of cutting), respectively. Digestible organic matter (DOM) in each sward was analyzed through the time of growing season when the samples harvested in 1979. Annual yield of DOM (AY-DOM) was obtained as the product of herbage mass multiplied by DOM with the time of growing season. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Mean of annual herbage DM yield (AY-DM) of Kb, Rt, Cr and Zy were 56-110g, 278-465g, 332-395g and 560-579 DMg/m2, respectively; in light fertilizer (N 5 Kg), 547-691g, 476-905g, 598-808g and 835-1046g, respectively; in medium fertilizer (N 15 Kg), and 962-1155g, 772-1251g, 980-1274g and 1132-1497g, respectively; in heavy fertilizer (N 30 Kg) during three years from 1977 to 1980 (Table 1). 2) DOM of Kb, Rt, Cr, and Zy were 51.7-55.9%, 51.8-58.3%, 52.1-55.9% and 45.6-56.5%, respectively (Table 2). DOM was lower at light fertilizer than at heavy one, but it was guessed that these results were closely related to the aging of the grass. 3) It was estimated that each AY-DOM was about 50% of AY-DM. 4) Relationship between the amount of fertilizer and AY-DOM gave essentially straight lines (Fig. 2). Then AY-DOM increased as the amount of fertilizer increased, however efficiency of fertilizer on AY-DOM was decreased. In Kb, AY-DOM at light fertilizer was about 20% of one at heavy fertilizer, on the other hand, in other species were 30-40%. 5) AY-DOM generall decreased as interval of cutting was shorter. In Rt, the differences of AY-DOM between short and long interval of cutting were great, on the other hand, in Zy, Kb and Cr these ones were a little, 20% at most, in parts of these this relationship was reversed (Fig. 3). 6) Patterns of daily yield of DOM (DY-DOM) during the period of one year had the single peak in May-June in Kb, Rt and Cr, in June-July in Zy. The maximum values of the peaks were about 6 g/m26 in the former and about 10 g in the latter. Seasonal distribution of DY-DOM was more uniform in Kb than in other species, but in autumn DY-DOM could not be raised in all species and managements adopted in this study (Fig. 4). 7) The rate of the stated species in dry matter yield differed remarkably with the management in each species. It decreased in Kb and Zy at heavy fertilizer with long and medium interval of cutting, on the other hand, in Rt at heavy fertilizer with short and medium interval (Table 1 and Fig. 5). 8) Number of tillers increased as interval of cutting became shorter, but in Rt it's change was small (Fig. 7). 9) Residual leaf area index (R-LAI) at every cutting was high, above 1.0, in Kb and Zy, but low in Rt (Fig. 9). It was suggested that Kb and Zy was superior in the regrowth in the early stage after cutting. From the results obtained, it is infered that sward management in Zy should be done under light fertilizer, or heavy one with short interval cutting, that is, in grazed pasture continuous grazing or frequent rotational grazing, in Kb under heavy fertilizer with short interval, in Rt under light fertilizer, or heavy fertilizer with long interval, and in Cr under light fertilizer. 10) Multiple regression analysis showed that 60-70% of the total variation on DY-DOM were explained by five predictor variables, that is, annual amount of fertilizer, the relative light intensity (loge I/I0) for cutting, mean daily solar radiation, mean daily rainfall and mean daily air temperature, and 50-60% were explained by two variables, annual amount of fertilizer and mean daily soalr [solar] radiation."
Language:Japanese
References:25
Note:English summary as abstract
Tables
Graphs
ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Fukuyama, M., M. Shimamura, M. Ushiyama, and M. Oikawa. 1983. Chacteristics of short-creeping grass sward: I. Relationship between management and productivity in single sward. (In Japanese) Bull. Natl. Grassl. Res. Inst. 25:p. 96-110.
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