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Web URL(s):https://archive.lib.msu.edu/tic/its/articles/2001jou479.pdf
    Last checked: 08/05/2010
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Publication Type:
i
Refereed
Author(s):Bigelow, C. A.; Bowman, D. C.; Cassel, D. K.
Author Affiliation:Bigelow, Bowman: Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC; Cassel: Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
Title:Water retention of sand-based putting green mixtures as affected by the presence of gravel sub-layers
Section:Soil physics
Other records with the "Soil physics" Section
Meeting Info.:Toronto, Ontario, Canada: July 2001
Source:International Turfgrass Society Research Journal. Vol. 9, No. Part 2, 2001, p. 479-486.
Publishing Information:Oakville, Ontario, Canada: International Turfgrass Society
# of Pages:8
Keywords:TIC Keywords: Golf courses; Golf greens; Sand-based golf greens; Soil water retention; Gravel; Soil layering; Root zone mixture; Particle size; Sand; Peat; Capillary porosity; Sand-based root zones
Abstract/Contents:"Modern putting greens are normally constructed using a high (> 85 %) sand content rootzone to resist compaction and drain quickly. Conventionally the sand-based mixture is placed over a gravel sub-layer, partly to perch water above the gravel and increase water retention in the sand. This study used soil columns to evaluate the effect of gravel size (fine and medium) on water retention of three sands (medium, mixed and coarse), each with or without 10% peat moss (v:v). The role of capillary continuity and interface flow between the sand and gravel layers was also examined by treating the fine gravel with a hydrophobic coating. Sand size had the greatest effect on water retention (medium>mixed>coarse) with peat moss significantly increasing water retention for each sand. The presence of a gravel sub-layer significantly reduced water retention in the top (0-80 mm) and middle (100-180 mm) sections of the 300 mm rootzones compared to minus-gravel treatments. Gravel size did not affect average water retention in the rootzone. Treating the gravel with a hydrophobic coating significantly increased the water retention in the overlying sand and compared to untreated gravel. These data demonstrate that under laboratory conditions, the gravel sub-layer contributes an additional gravitational tension consistent with its depth, which increases drainage and eliminates the perched water table of the overlying sand rootzone."
Language:English
References:20
Note:Tables
Graphs
ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Bigelow, C. A., D. C. Bowman, and D. K. Cassel. 2001. Water retention of sand-based putting green mixtures as affected by the presence of gravel sub-layers. Int. Turfgrass Soc. Res. J. 9(Part 2):p. 479-486.
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https://archive.lib.msu.edu/tic/its/articles/2001jou479.pdf
    Last checked: 08/05/2010
    Requires: PDF Reader
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