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| Web URL(s): | https://turf.rutgers.edu/research/abstracts/symposium2002.pdf#page=38
Last checked: 02/06/2017
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Notes: Item is within a single large file |
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| Publication Type:
| Report |
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| Content Type: | Abstract or Summary only |
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| Author(s): | Funk, C. Reed |
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| Author Affiliation: | Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University |
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| Title: | After-ripening dormancy in cool-season grasses |
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| Section: | Poster presentations
Other records with the "Poster presentations" Section
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| Meeting Info.: | Cook College, Rutgers, NJ: January 10-11, 2002 |
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| Source: | Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Rutgers TurfgrassSymposium. 2002, p. 37-39. |
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| Publishing Information: | New Brunswick, NJ: Center for Turfgrass Science, Cook College, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey |
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| # of Pages: | 3 |
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| Keywords: | TIC Keywords: Cool season turfgrasses; Dormancy; Heat stress; Ripening
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| Abstract/Contents: | "Freshly harvested seed of cool-season turfgrasses is normally harvested during June and July. The generally hot, dry weather following seed ripening is normally unfavorable for seedling establishment due to drought, disease, and excessive weed competition. As a result, most grass seed has evolved a system of after-ripening dormancy to delay germination until the cooler, more favorable conditions of early fall. This seed dormancy is a physiological process that is gradually overcome by time in storage following harvest. The expression of after-ripening dormancy is very dependent on the temperature of the imbibed seed during germination. Research (Phaneendranath, 1977, Phaneendranath, Duell and Funk, 1978, Phanenndranath and Funk, 1978, and Phaneendranath and Funk, 1981) and experience at Rutgers show that establishment and performance of turf trials is frequently strongly influenced by the different degrees of after-ripening dormancy present in various seed lots, especially when warm weather conditions occur immediately following seeding. One year old and older seed of good viability has overcome its dormancy and germinates immediately if moisture is adequate. Most new crop seed delays initiation of germination until cool weather arrives. However, depending on genotype and conditions of seed production and storage, some seed will germinate much better than other seed lots. Seed produced in New Jersey generally has less dormancy than seed produced and stored under conditions more favorable for the production of plump, bright seed in Idaho, Washington, and Oregon. The degree of low temperature required to overcome after-ripening dormancy during seed germination depends on the degree of dormancy remaining in a particular seed. Conditions favorable to the reduction in and the speed of overcoming after-ripening dormancy include: 1. Delaying harvest until seed is fully ripe (Phaneendranath, Duell, and Funk, 1978). 2. Rain on freshly swathed seed while still drying in windows prior to threshing appears to leach some inhibitors of germination. 3. Seed storage under warm, humid conditions accelerates the physiological processes reducing and overcoming after-ripening dormancy. This is contrary to the recommendation to store seed under dry, cool conditions to prolong viability of seed and any contained endophyte in long-term storage. Freshly harvested seed stored in an open shed in New Jersey has shown less after-ripening dormancy than seed stored in a dry, air conditioned facility when planted six to ten weeks after harvest. Extensive experience in New Jersey has failed to show any effect of Neotyphodium endophytes on the expression of after-ripening dormancy or seedling vigor of freshly harvested seed. The widespread, early perception that tall fescue seed free of endophytes had poor establishment was most likely due to the different conditions of seed production, and length and conditions of storage. Endophyte-containing tall fescue seed was generally produced in southwestern Missouri under hot, humid, often rainy conditions, harvested in early summer, and stored for at least three months under warm, humid conditions. These production and storage conditions are favorable to overcoming or reducing after-ripening dormancy. Endophyte-free seed was normally produced in Oregon. It ripened about one month later under generally dry, cooler conditions. It was usually stored for a shorter period under dry, cooler conditions. After-ripening dormancy can be overcome by a number of laboratory techniques (Phaneendranath and Funk, 1978). These techniques are normally used only by seed laboratories and plant breeders in a rush to check seed viability or speed up the breeding program. The most widely used technique is to imbibe seed with a dilute solution of KNO3 and place it in a refrigerator for a few days prior to a germination test. This so-called cold treatment is on moist seed. Unfortunately it has encouraged some to place dry seed in a refrigerated storage prior to seeding. This merely delays overcoming of dormancy (Phaneendranath and Funk, 1981). Freshly harvested seed placed in a no-frost refrigerator at 2 to 5 degrees C maintained a high level of after-ripening dormancy for at least 12 months. The experiment was terminated at this time. 4. Planting just prior to a period of cool nights and moderate day temperatures often allows successful seedings in late August or early September. Our tests at Rutgers includes [include] solid-set irrigation immediately after seeding through emergence. Under these conditions seedling emergence of Kentucky bluegrass usually starts to become visible after 5 to 6 days. After-ripening dormancy is less of a problem in the establishment of perennial ryegrass. Kentucky bluegrass gives us the most problems with after-ripening dormancy. Tall fescue and fine fescues are intermediate. Seedings made after mid-September normally have few problems with seed properly produced and stored under conditions favorable to overcoming dormancy. Spring seeding should be free of these problems. Seed growers and seed companies realize the costs of storage, insurance, interest, and unpredictable markets in keeping seed a full year after harvest. This would avoid problems of after-ripening dormancy. However, many knowledgeable turf growers realize the advantage of purchasing old crop seed months in advance of late summer seeding. This allows a better choice of high quality seed lots and cultivars, retesting to avoid problems, and elimination of any problems with after-ripening dormancy." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 4 |
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| Note: | This item is an abstract only! |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Funk, C. R. 2002. After-ripening dormancy in cool-season grasses. Proc. Annu. Rutgers Turfgrass Symp. p. 37-39. |
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| Web URL(s):
https://turf.rutgers.edu/research/abstracts/symposium2002.pdf#page=38
Last checked: 02/06/2017
Requires: PDF Reader
Notes: Item is within a single large file |
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MSU catalog number: SB 433 .R88 |
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