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| Web URL(s): | http://usgatero.msu.edu/v01/n20.pdf
Last checked: 2/2003
Requires: PDF Reader |
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| Publication Type:
| Report |
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| Author(s): | Paton, Peter W. C.;
Egan, Robert S. |
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| Author Affiliation: | Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island |
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| Title: | Strategies to maintain pond-breeding amphibians on golf courses |
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| Source: | USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online. Vol. 1, No. 20, December 15 2002, p. [1-9]. |
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| Publishing Information: | Far Hills, NJ: United States Golf Association, Green Section |
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| # of Pages: | 9 |
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| Keywords: | TIC Keywords: Wildlife; Wetlands; Ponds; Life cycle; Breeding; Golf course design; Habitats; Fish; Wildlife corridors; Golf courses
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| Abstract/Contents: | "Pond-breeding amphibians have complex life cycles that make them vulnerable to habitat loss and fragmentation. Adults of most species typically spend less than one month annually in breeding ponds. During the remainder of the year, they reside in adjacent forested uplands and wetlands (sometimes over 200 yards away or farther). Juveniles disperse among ponds and are capable of moving great distances (~1.5 miles). Therefore, golf course designers and superintendents interested in maintaining ecosystem integrity need to manage breeding ponds, habitats used during the non-breeding season, and habitats used as movement corridors. Since 1997, we have been studying the habitat characteristics of breeding ponds and dispersal corridors. Our research has shown that most pond-breeding amphibian species prefer ponds that dry annually, with different species preferring ponds with varying hydroperiods (i.e., days of surfance inundation), generally avoid ponds with fish, are more likely to disperse through forested landscapes with a shrub understory, and often avoid moving across broad expanses of turf, such as fairways or greens. Superintendents that maintain ponds that dry annally, do not introduce fish into ponds, and maximize the amount of unfragmented forested habitat around seasonally-flooded ponds will increase survival probabilities of pond-breeding amphibians on their courses." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 10 |
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| See Also: | Updated version appears in Golf Course Management, 71(11) November 2003, p. 90-94, R=91845 R=91845 |
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| See Also: | Other Reports from this USGA research project: 1998-51-159 |
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| Note: | Pictures, color
Tables
Summary as abstract |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Paton, P. W. C., and R. S. Egan. 2002. Strategies to maintain pond-breeding amphibians on golf courses. USGA Turfgrass Environ. Res. Online. 1(20):p. [1-9]. |
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| Web URL(s):
http://usgatero.msu.edu/v01/n20.pdf
Last checked: 2/2003
Requires: PDF Reader |
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MSU catalog number: SB 433 .A1 A65 [online] |
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