| |
| Web URL(s): | https://www.gcsaa.org/docs/default-source/Environment/phase-2-water-use-survey-full-report.pdf?sfvrsn=4
Last checked: 09/15/2017
Requires: PDF Reader |
|---|
| Material Type: | Book |
|---|
| Monographic Corporate Author(s): | Golf Course Superintendents Association of America
Environmental Institute for Golf
United States Golf Association |
|---|
| Monograph Title: | Golf Course Environmental Profile: Phase II, Volume I: Water Use and Conservation Practices on U.S. Golf Courses, 2015. |
|---|
| Publishing Information: | Lawrence, Kansas: Golf Course Superintendents Association of America; Lawrence, Kansas: Environmental Institute for Golf |
|---|
| # of Pages: | 31 |
|---|
| Collation: | 31 pp. |
|---|
| Abstract/Contents: | "National water use: U.S. golf courses used an estimated 1.859 million acre-feet of water in 2013, a 21.8% decrease from 2.379 million acre-feet in 2005. (See the sidebar, "Acre-feet and gallons" below.); In 2013, golf courses used 1.44% of all irrigation water in the U.S. vs. 1.66% in 2005.; Factors contributing to decreased water use include water conservation practices, voluntary reduction in irrigated acres and reduction in number of golf facilities. Regional water use: Water use varied among the U.S. agronomic regions, primarily because of differences in climate, number of facilities per region, length of the turf growing season and number of irrigated acres per golf facility.; Variation in water use was also significant within each agronomic region, particularly in the Pacific, Southwest and Southeast regions, which have the most diverse climates.; Median water volume used per 18-hole golf course was lowest (36.8 acre-feet/year) in the cool and rainy climate of the Northeast regions, and highest (398.4 acre-feet/year) in the arid and warm climates of the Southwest region. (See the sidebar "Why use the median?" on Page 4.); Regions with year-round turf growing seasons (Southeast, Southwest) had the highest water use, while regions with the shortest growing seasons (Northeast, North Central and Northern portions of the Pacific region) had much lower water use patterns.; In regions with warm and/or dry climates, all golf course features were irrigated, resulting in higher numbers of irrigated acres and higher water use. In regions with moderate to heavy rainfall, many golf courses did not irrigate all features (particularly roughs), and water use was therefore lower. Water budget and water efficiency: Water budgets, which estimate the amount of water that should be used by a golf course, based on site-specific climatic conditions, were estimated for each survey respondent.; The majority of survey respondents used water efficiently, by using less water than forecast by their water budgets. Conservation practices: Adoption of almost all conservation practices has increased from 2005 to 2013, contributing significantly to water savings. Water sources: Usage of all water sources decreased from 2005 to 2013, except for recycled (reclaimed) water.; Recycled water was used by 15.3% of survey respondents in 2013, compared to 10.9% in 2005.; Increased use of recycled water allowed for reductions in the use of other water sources such as open water, rivers, streams and creeks, well water, and municipal (potable) water. Cost of water: Median costs for all water sources combined significantly increased nationwide from $204/acre-foot in 2005 to $298/acre-foot in 2013.; The cost of municipal (potable) and recycled water increased significantly from 2005 to 2013, while the cost of open (lakes, ponds), canal, river and well water remained relatively flat. The most expensive source by far is municipal (potable) water, which rose from $783 to $1,329/acre-foot.; The total cost of all water for an 18-hole golf course rose from 2005 to 2013, from a median of $13,645 to $23,870 per golf course. These costs varied dramatically from less than $100 to over $1 million per 18-hole golf course, depending on the location." |
|---|
| Language: | English |
|---|
| References: | 0 |
|---|
| See Also: | See also earlier edition, Golf Course Environmental Profile: Water Use and Conservation Practices on U.S. Golf Courses: Volume II, 2009, R=144968. R=144968
See also related book, Golf Course Environmental Profile: Phase II, Volume II: Nutrient Use and Management Practices on U.S. Golf Courses, 2016, R=272853. R=272853
See also related book, Golf Course Environmental Profile: Phase II, Volume III: Pest Management Practices on U.S. Golf Courses, 2016, R= 288947. R=288947
See also related book, Golf Course Environmental Profile: Phase II, Volume IV: Land Use Characteristics and Environmental Stewardship Programs on U.S. Golf Courses, 2017, R=288964. R=288964 |
|---|
| Note: | Includes foreword: "Water study yields key results" by John J. O'Keefe, CGCS and 2015 GCSAA President; p. 2
Maps
Pictures, color
Tables
Graphs |
|---|
| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. 2015. Golf Course Environmental Profile: Phase II, Volume I: Water Use and Conservation Practices on U.S. Golf Courses. 31 pp. Lawrence, Kansas: Golf Course Superintendents Association of America; Lawrence, Kansas: Environmental Institute for Golf. |
| Fastlink to access this record outside TGIF: https://tic.msu.edu/tgif/flink?recno=272860 |
| If there are problems with this record, send us feedback about record 272860. |
| Choices for finding the above item: |
|---|
| Web URL(s):
https://www.gcsaa.org/docs/default-source/Environment/phase-2-water-use-survey-full-report.pdf?sfvrsn=4
Last checked: 09/15/2017
Requires: PDF Reader |
| Find from within TIC:
Digitally in TIC by record number. |
| Request through your local library's inter-library loan service (bring or send a copy of this TGIF record) |
