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| Web URL(s): | https://archive.lib.msu.edu/tic/its/articles/2005jou1233.pdf
Last checked: 08/09/2010
Requires: PDF Reader |
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| Publication Type:
| Refereed |
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| Author(s): | Ferrell, Jason A.;
Murphy, Tim R.;
Waltz, Freddie C. Jr.;
Smith, Albert E. |
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| Author Affiliation: | Ferrell: Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Murphy, Waltz, and Smith: Crop and Soil Sciences Department, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia |
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| Title: | Oral and dermal exposure of golfers to 2,4-D, dicamba and mecoprop |
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| Section: | Weeds
Other records with the "Weeds" Section
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| Meeting Info.: | Llandudno, Wales, UK: July 10-15 2005 |
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| Source: | International Turfgrass Society Research Journal. Vol. 10, No. Part 2, 2005, p. 1233-1239. |
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| Publishing Information: | Aberystywth, Ceredigion, UK: International Turfgrass Society |
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| # of Pages: | 7 |
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| Keywords: | TIC Keywords: Herbicide safety; Golfers; 2,4-D; Dicamba; Mecoprop; Herbicides; Golf course safety; Exposure assessment; Golf greens; Cynodon; Herbicide residues
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| Abstract/Contents: | "Experiments were conducted to quantify the amount of herbicide that can be removed from simulated licking a golf ball, chewing a tee, or absorbed through clothing while kneeling on a putting green. Bermudagrass putting greens were treated with 2,4-D, dicamba, and mecoprop and sampled at 0, 6, 30, 56, 78, and 102 hours after herbicide treatment (HAT). Herbicide residues were extracted and quantified to calculate how many exposure events would be necessary to reach the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL). The highest herbicide residues occurred immediately after treatment but rapidly decreased 6 HAT. At 0 HAT 79 golf balls would need to [be] licked in order to reach the NOAEL for 2,4-D, but dicamba and mecoprop required 1,105 and 333 respectively. The number of exposure events to reach the NOAEL for tee chewing and kneeling ranged between 56 to 4,700 exposure events for all herbicides at 0 HAT. Between 6 and 102 HAT, 150 to 350,000 exposure events were required for all herbicides and exposure types before the NOAEL was reached. Risk assessment models showed that only at 0 HAT golfer exposure to 2,4-D could exceed the acceptable daily intake for chronic exposure (i.e. Hazard Quotient > 1.0). Hazard quotients (HQs) for mecoprop exceeded the critical value of 1.0 at 0 through 30 HAT. At all sampling times the HQs for dicamba were less than 1.0 at all sampling times. Over exposure to 2,4-D, dicamba and mecoprop by these unusual activities of golfers is highly unlikely." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 32 |
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| See Also: | Other items relating to: 2, 4 - D in Turf |
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| Note: | Tables
Graphs |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Ferrell, J. A., T. R. Murphy, F. C. Jr. Waltz, and A. E. Smith. 2005. Oral and dermal exposure of golfers to 2,4-D, dicamba and mecoprop. Int. Turfgrass Soc. Res. J. 10(Part 2):p. 1233-1239. |
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| Web URL(s):
https://archive.lib.msu.edu/tic/its/articles/2005jou1233.pdf
Last checked: 08/09/2010
Requires: PDF Reader |
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MSU catalog number: SB 433 .I52 v. 10 |
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