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| Web URL(s): | http://archive.lib.msu.edu/tic/rpr/1998/61833,%20Kansas State, Huang.PDF
Last checked: 04/30/2013
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| Publication Type:
| Report |
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| Material Type: | Manuscript |
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| Monographic Author(s): | Huang, Bingru; Fry, Jack D. |
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| Author Affiliation: | Huang: Assistant Professor, Turfgrass Physiology; and Fry: Associate Professor, Turfgrass Management |
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| Monograph Title: | The Importance of Carbon Balance and Root Activity in Creeping Bentgrass Tolerance to Summer Stresses: 1998 Annual Progress Report, 1998. |
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| Publishing Information: | Manhattan, Kansas: Department of Horticulture, Forestry, and Recreation Resources, Kansas State University |
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| # of Pages: | 38 |
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| Collation: | ii, 7, [29] pp. |
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| Abstract/Contents: | "It was proposed that imbalanced photosynthesis and respiration process and carbohydrate depletion could be the primary physiological factors contributing to bentgrass quality decline under high temperature and close mowing conditions. The overall objective of the project was to test this hypothesis in creeping bentgrass cultivars grown under close mowing and high temperature stresses. This project involved two studies, in which responses of turf quality, root growth, viability, and carbohydrate metabolic activities for four creeping bentgrass cultivars to high temperatures and close mowing conditions were examined in controlled environment growth chambers. The first study investigated effects of differential shoot/root temperatures and mowing frequency on turf and root growth and carbohydrate metabolic activities to determine whether turf quality and carbon balance could be improved by modifying root temperatures. In this study, two widely grown bentgrass cultivars, Crenshaw and Penncross, and two relatively new cultivars with promising summer performance under close mowing, L-93 and Penn A-4, were examined. Grasses were exposed to differential shoot/root temperatures, including low shoot/root (20/20 C; control), low shoot/high root (20/35 C), high shoot/low root (35/20 C), or high shoot/root (35/35 C) conditions. Grasses were mowed at a 3-4 mm height daily or on alternate days. It was found that turf quality and root activity were much lower at high root (20/35) or high shoot/root (35/35 C) temperatures than those of their respective controls for all four cultivars. Reducing root temperature to 20 C while maintaining shoots at 35 C improved turf quality and root growth to levels similar to those of the control treatment. High shoot/root temperatures reduced canopy photosynthetic rate caused imbalance between photosynthesis and respiration and carbon deficit, whereas reducing root temperatures reversed, to some extent, the adverse effects of high shoot/root temperature on carbon balance. The decline in turf quality was more severe for Penncross than Crenshaw, L-93 and Penn A-4 under high root or shoot/root temperatures. Similarly, daily carbon consumption to production ratio was higher for Penncross than other cultivars under high root or shoot/root temperatures when grasses were closely mowed daily. Extending mowing frequency from daily to every other day improved turf quality and root growth, especially under high root or shoot/root temperatures, which was accompanied by enhanced photosynthetic rate and reduced carbon consumption to production ratio. The second study examined whether declines in shoot and root growth with increasing temperatures (20, 24, 30, 34, and 38 C) were related to changes in carbohydrate metabolisms in Penncross under close mowing conditions. Turf quality, root growth and viability of Penncross declined significantly with increasing temperature to 30 C and higher. The imbalance between photosynthesis and respiration, carbon deficit, and reduced carbohydrate availability also occurred as temperatures exceeded 30 C. Results from both studies clearly demonstrated that: 1) Carbohydrate depletion was a major physiological cause of summer bentgrass decline under high temperatures and close mowing. This was related to the imbalance between photosynthesis and respiration, which was caused by severe decline in photosynthesis capacity under high temperatures and low mowing; and 2) Roots played important roles in the regulation of creeping bentgrass tolerance to high temperature stress. Therefore, reducing root-zone temperature improved turf quality. Two manuscripts describing the results of the project are currently being prepared for submission to Crop Science by the end of 1998." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 6 |
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| See Also: | See also related summary article, "The importance of carbon balance and root activity in creeping bentgrass tolerance to summer stresses", 1998 Turfgrass and Environmental Research Summary [USGA], 1998, pp. 29-30, R=61833. R=61833 |
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| Note: | Also appears as pp. 8-46 in the USGA Turfgrass Research Committee Reporting Binders for 1998.
"Annual Progress Report - 1998"
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