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| Web URL(s): | http://archive.lib.msu.edu/tic/rpr/1995/Environmental/31793,%20Ok%20State,%20Baird.PDF
Last checked: 11/07/2013
Requires: PDF Reader |
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| Publication Type:
| Report |
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| Material Type: | Manuscript |
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| Monographic Author(s): | Baird, James H.; Cole, James T.; Huhnke, Raymond L.; Basta, Nicholas T.; Johnson, Gordon V.; Storm, Daniel E.; Payton, Mark E.; Smolen, Michael D.; Martin, Dennis L. |
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| Author Affiliation: | Baird: Turfgrass Research & Teaching; Cole: Graduate Research Assistant; Huhnke: Extension Agricultural Engineer; Basta: Soil Chemistry; Johnson: Extension Soil Specialist; Storm: Water Resources Engineer; Payton: Statistician; Smolen: Water Quality Coordinator; and Martin: Turfgrass Extension & Research Specialist, Oklahoma Agicultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University |
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| Monograph Title: | Evaluation of Best Management Practices to Protect Surface Water Quality from Pesticides and Fertilizer Applied to Bermudagrass Fairways: [1995 Annual Progress Report], 1995. |
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| Publishing Information: | [Stillwater, Oklahoma]: Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University |
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| # of Pages: | 15 |
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| Collation: | 15 pp. |
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| Abstract/Contents: | "The primary objective of the Oklahoma State University Turfgrass Environmental Research Program is to develop effective and practical management practices to protect surface water from runoff of pesticides and fertilizer applied to golf course fairways and other turf areas. A portable rainfall simulator is being used to simulate heavy precipitation events that may occur shortly after the application of pesticides and fertilizer, thus increasing the likelihood of water contaimination from surface runoff. The simulator is capable of applying rainfall intensities of up to 5 in/h onto four plots each measuring 6 ft x 32 ft. In 1995, a preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of various combinations of buffer-strip: 1) length (0 vs. 8 ft. vs. 16 ft); 2) mowing height (0.5 in v. 1.5 in); and 3) solid line aerification (vs. no aerification) in reducing pesticide and nutrient runoff. In July, an experiment was conducted at a location in Stillwater, OK consisting of common bermudagrass maintained under golf course fairway conditions. Within 24 hours of a simulated rainfall event, 2,4-D, mecoprop, and dicamba (formulated as TrimecTM Classic), chlorpyrifos (0.5G), nitrogen (urea) and phosphorus (triple superphosphate) were applied at normal rates recommended for fairway turf to designated areas on plots containing the buffer treatments. One of the treatments, containing no buffer-strip, was left untreated to determine the amount, if any, of pesticides and nutrients already present in the turf environment. The experimental design was an unbalanced, randomized incomplete block with 8 treatments 4 replications. The design insured that important treatment comparisons showed up in the same simulator set-up (block) at least twice. The experiment was repeated in August, whereupon the untreated control was substituted with a treatment consisting of chlorpyrifos and the sulfur-coated urea form of nitrogen fertilizer in addition to identical rates and formulations of the herbicides and phosphorus. Soil moisture conditions prior to simulated rainfall were different between runs and affected the volume of runoff from plots and the total amount of pesticides and nutrients recovered therein. In the July run, no natural precipitation was detected within 12 days of simulated rainfall; by contrast, 6.51 inches of natural precipitation fell on the runoff site within 6 days of simulated rainfall in August. In July, percent recovery of pesticides and nutrients was less than 3% and 2%, respectively, based upon the total amount applied. Highest levels of nutrients and pesticides were recovered from the treatment containing no buffer-strip. In August, percent recovery of pesticides and nutrients was as great as 15% and 11%, respectively. Results from the July run indicated that buffer-strips were very effective in reducing pesticide and nutrient runoff. Although few treatment comparisons were statistically significant, numerical trends from the July data showed reduced pesticide and nutrient runoff from the 16-ft buffer length compared to the 8-ft buffer length, the 1.5-in mowing height compared to the 0.5-in mowing height, and solid-line aerification compared to no aerification at the 0.5-in mowing height. At the 1.5-in mowing height, aerification resulted in greater pesticide and nutrient runoff. It is possible that the aerification process created channels in the higher-cut turf canopy thus causing expedited movement of the chemicals in surface runoff. In August, several of the trends observed in July were reversed, possibly indicating that the effectiveness of the buffer-strip treatments was overcome by the increased volume of surface runoff. Reduced pesticide and nutrient runoff occurred from the wettable powder formulation of chlorpyrifos compared to the granular formation, and from the sulfur-coated urea form of nitrogen compared to urea. The correlation between the physico-chemical properties of pesticides and nutrients and their relative runoff potential was substantiated by this investigation. Based upon the 1995 preliminary study, the following management practices are recommended to reduce pesticide and nutrient runoff: 1) incorporate a buffer-strip between surface water features and treated areas; 2) avoid application of pesticides and fertilizer when high soil moisture conditions exist; 3) develop pest and nutrient management programs that utilize pesticide and fertilizer formulations with low runoff potential. A manuscript describing the results of this study is currently being prepared for submission to Crop Science by the end of 1995. In 1996, research will focus on: 1) determination of critical soil moisture levels, buffer-strip lengths, and associated factors that result in reduced pesticide and nutrient runoff; and 2) continued examination of runoff potential of pesticides, nutrients, and their formulations." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 12 |
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| See Also: | See also related summary article "Evaluation of best management practices to protect surface water quality from pesticides and fertilizer applied to bermudagrass fairways" [USGA], 1995, p. 64-65, R=31793. R=31793 |
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| Note: | "For the Period: 1 February 1995 - 31 October 1995"
Also appears as pp. 00003-00017 in the USGA Turfgrass Research Committee Reporting Binders for 1995.
Figures
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
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Last checked: 11/07/2013
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