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| Web URL(s): | http://archive.lib.msu.edu/tic/rpr/1992/Environmental/27770, U Florida, Snyder.PDF
Last checked: 11/21/2013
Requires: PDF Reader |
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| Publication Type:
| Report |
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| Material Type: | Manuscript |
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| Monographic Author(s): | Cisar, John L.; Snyder, George H. |
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| Author Affiliation: | Cisar: Ft. Lauderdale Res. Center; and Snyder: Everglades Res. and Ed. Center, Univ. of Florida |
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| Monograph Title: | Mobility and Persistence of Turfgrass Pesticides in a USGA Green: [1992 Annual Research Report], 1992. |
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| Publishing Information: | [Gainesville, Florida]: University of Florida |
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| # of Pages: | 35 |
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| Collation: | 3, 5-14, [1], 15, [1], 16-20, [1], 21, [1], 22-24, [1], 25, [1], 26-30 pp. |
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| Abstract/Contents: | "During the first year of the project, the groundwork was laid for studies on the mobility and persistence of pesticides in a USGA green. Lysimeters were installed in a USGA green at the Ft. Lauderdale Research and Education Center (FLREC), and analytical methods were developed for determining pesticides in soil, thatch, plant tissue, and water in the Pesticide Laboratory at the Everglades Research and Education Center (EREC) in Belle Glade. During the current reporting year, pesticide losses in percolate, retention in soil and thatch, and removal in clippings have been examined for two applications of fenamiphos (Nemacur), fonofos (Dyfonate), chlorpyrifos (Dursban), isazophos (Triumph), and isofenphos (Oftanol), and for one application of ethroprop (Mocap). In addition, an examination of the effect of material, moisture, pressure, and motion on the dislodgeability of chlorpyrifos and isazophos from bermudagrass turf was conducted, with supplementary funding from the Florida Turfgrass Association. In cooperation with Dr. Robin Giblin-Davis, an in vitro study was conducted on the effects of fenamiphos and fenamiphos metabolites on the survival of sting nematodes. Over 5,000 pesticide analyses were made on soil, thatch, water, cloth, and/or clippings during the current reporting year. Three papers on this work were submitted for publication in refereed journals. The Pesticide Lab was upgraded with $10,000.00 supplied by the EREC Center Director, and the IFAS Dean for Research granted $30,000.00 for the purchase of a new HPLC. In the study involving fenamiphos and fonofos, residues of fenamiphos and fonofos were found to largely reside in the thatch later, whereas the fenamiphos metabolites were found to a much greater degree in the soil. Considerable metabolite was detected in percolate water, especially following the first application of fenamiphos. An average of 17.7% of the applied fenamiphos was found as metabolites in the percolate water following the first application, whereas only 1.1% was found after the second application. Nevertheless, both percentages are high relative to the fenamiphos parent compound or fonofos, for which a maximum of 0.06 and 0.02% of applied, respectively, was obtained in percolate water following any one application. Excessive irrigation appeared to contribute to leaching of fenamiphos metabolites. For the study on the effects of fenamiphos and the sulfone metabolite on the survival of the sting nematode Belonolaimus longicaudatus, the estimated LD50 for fenamiphos sulfone was 410 mg L-1, compared to about 200 for fenamiphos itself. Comparisons of the sustained 14-day levels of these materials observed at three different depths in the USGA green with the LD50 data suggest that short term survival is not altered by the contact mode of action of either material when fenamiphos is applied at the currently labelled rate. Population suppression of B. longicaudatus, when observed in the field, is probably due to temporary nematastis or irreversible sublethal effects caused by contact action and/or the systemic action of the nematicide. The data on the mobility and persistence of chlorpyrifos, isazophos, and isofenphos following two applications have not been fully analyzed, although some results can be reported. Chlorpyrifos leaching following the first application amounted to 0.15% of that applied. Leaching following the second application was only 1/10th that of the first. Generally, over 97% of the chlorpyrifos observed in the thatch-soil profile was found in the thatch. Approximately 0.014% of the applied isazophos and 0.008% of the applied isofenphos was found in the leachate following the 21 April application. As much as 7.8% of the chlorpyrifos applied as a granular material was recovered with the clippings, whereas only 0.5% of that applied was found when a liquid formulation was used. Fonofos removal in clippings was 1.2% of applied for a granular material. Isazophos and isofenphos recovery in clippings amounted to 0.4 and 0.8% of that applied as a liquid. In the study on the dislodgeability of pesticides applied to bermudagrass, for pressures of 10 kPa or greater, more chlorpyrifos and isazophos removal was obtained on wet cotton than on dry, and wet cotton removed more pesticide than wet polyester. There were no significant differences between dry cotton and dry polyester. Sliding wet cotton, leather, or polyester for 1 m over the turf surface resulted in more total removal of chlorpyrifos and isazophos than was obtained without sliding. However, when calculated on the basis of turf area contacted, motion had no significant effect on pesticide removal." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 0 |
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| See Also: | See also related summary article "Mobility and persistence of turfgrass pesticides in a USGA green" 1992 Environmental Research Summary [USGA], 1992, p. 8, R=27770. R=27770 |
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| Note: | Also appears as pp. 00075-00109 in the USGA Turfgrass Research Committee Reporting Binders for 1992.
"Annual Report - November 1992"
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Last checked: 11/21/2013
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