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| Publication Type:
| Report |
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| Author(s): | Hatsukade, Masayoshi |
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| Author Affiliation: | Laboratory of Applied Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University |
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| Title: | The biology and control of the important turfgrass insects in Japan |
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| Source: | Japan Pesticide Information. Vol. 59, 1991, p. 10-12. |
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| Publishing Information: | Tokyo, Japan: Japan Plant Protection Association |
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| # of Pages: | 3 |
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| Keywords: | TIC Keywords: Pest control; Injuries by insects; Characteristics; Antonina graminis; Noctuidae; Parapediasia teterrella; Scarabaeidae; Sphenophorus veratus vestitus
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| Geographic Terms: | Japan |
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| Abstract/Contents: | The species of insects regarded as turfgrass insect pests are shown in Table 1. Three species of Orthoptera, 9 species of Hemiptera, 2 species of Deptera, 7 species of Lepidoptera and 14 species of Coleoptera are listed. Other pests which damage turfgrass include 2 species of nematode and 3 vertebrates-the mole, the crow, and the wild boar. A description of some of the most important insects follows. Geoblissus hirtulus Burmeister inhabits patches of grass on beaches. The adults are oval-shaped, 3.4-4.0 mm long, and are pale black-brown. They produce one generation per year. When the adults come out from winter hibernation they mate in the turfgrass from the end of April and lay their eggs in the soil. New adults start to emerge in August and peak from the end of September to the beginning of October. The Rhodegrass mealybug occurs in the warmer regions of Japan (Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa). Damage occurs on Korean lawngrass and Korean velvetgrass grown on soil with good drainage properties. The adults are bean-shaped, 3-4 mm long, dark purple and not mobile. The surface of their bodies is covered with a felt-like wax. One generation a year occurs in Japan. The Japanese lawn grass cutworm occurs every year and follows a similar pattern. In warm regions, three generations develop and the larvae cause damage to turfgrass from spring to late autumn. The adults are relatively large Noctuidae moths, the males being 15 mm long and the females 12 mm long. The front wings are brownish in color and are marked with black spots. The bluegrass webworm appeared in Japan in 1967. The adults are small moths, are about 10 mm long, and show phototaxis as well as nocturnal behavior. This insect prefers a dry, hot climate and reproduces three times each year. This insect causes severe damage to Zoysia grass and bentgrass. Damaged grass turns yellow and dies within a few days. There are some pests in Scarabaeidae which feed only on turfgrass at larval stage, the pests being Anomala diversa, A. schonfeldti, and A. osakana. The adults eat nothing. The species A. diversa is diurnal. The adults appear on the surface of the ground between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. on fine days, from the end of April to the middle of May, and fly just above the turfgrass. The species A. schonfeldti and A. osakana are nocturnal. The adults appear on grass fields between 7:30 p.m. and 9:00 p.m. only, from late June to late July, then mate and lay eggs. The hunting billbug (Sphenophorus venatus vestitus) is distributed throughout the southeastern United States damaging bermudagrass, Korean lawngrass, and Korean velvetgrass. The adults are about 7-8 mm long and are brown or brownish-black. They hide in the soil or in the roots of turfgrass during the daytime but in the evening they mate on the turfgrass. Hatchlings will attack the interior of plant stems. Damage caused by this insect has been increasing every year and golf courses in the Kanto and Kinki Regions in the Northern Kyushu and on the main island of Okinawa have been suffering particular damage from this insect. The optimum time for the control of Lepidopterous insects can be determined easily by analyzing the seasonal prevalence of the insects using light trap surveying. Species such as Japanese lawn cutworm (S. depravata) and bluegrass webworm (P. teterrella) can be controlled by spraying insecticide after the emergence of second generation adults. The control of Scarabaeidae and hunting billbut (S. venatus vestitus) appears to be very difficult. Methods for their control should be selected carefully with consideration to what the target insect stage (adult or larva) is. |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 5 |
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| Note: | Figures
Tables |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Hatsukade, M. 1991. The biology and control of the important turfgrass insects in Japan. Agrochem. Jpn. 59:p. 10-12. |
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