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| Publication Type:
| Report |
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| Author(s): | Gelernter, Wendy;
Stowell, Larry;
Darrock, Brian;
Davies, Raymond;
Gallegos, Bill;
Hathaway, Mike;
Lover, Eric;
Martinez, John;
Massey, Brian;
McBrien, Ben;
Phillips, Mark;
Swanson, Greg;
Yenny, Reed |
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| Author Affiliation: | Gelernter & Stowell: Editors, PTRI Turfgrass Research Report,1995. Darrock: Fairbanks Ranch Country Club. Davies: Virginia Country Club. Gallegos: Los Coyotes Country Club. Hathaway: Los Angeles Country Club. Lover: Dove Canyon Country Club. Martinez: Arrowhead Country Club. Massey: Target Specialty Products. McBrien: Sea Cliff Country Club. Phillips: Leisure World, Laguna Hills. Swanson: San Luis Rey Downs. Yenny: Mesa Verde Country Club. |
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| Title: | 1994 turf insect monitoring study |
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| Section: | Insect management
Other records with the "Insect management" Section
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| Source: | PTRI Turfgrass Research Report. 1995, p. 12-19. |
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| Publishing Information: | San Diego, CA: PACE Turfgrass Research Institute |
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| # of Pages: | 8 |
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| Abstract/Contents: | "An insect monitoring study was initiated to provide the basis for a turf insect integrated pest management (IPM) program. Weekly black light trap counts of adult insect pests of turf were collected from ten Southern California golf courses from March 7 through October 12, 1994. Key results from the study's first year include: Black turfgrass ataenius (BTA) was the most damaging and most difficult to control insect detected, particluarly on cool season turf (bentgrass, rye, bluegrass and mixtures). Damage caused by BTA was a combination of direct feeding by grubs, and damage caused by birds searching for grubs. At least 3 generations of BTA were observed from late June to early October. This is in contrast to the 1 - 2 generations recorded for BTA in the Eastern U.S. For most effective control of BTA, 1st generation adults should be targeted in June and July. If the first generation is effectively controlled, damage from the second generation (which can be larger and more devastating than the first generation) may be reduced. Black cutworms and common armyworms were an almost constant presence at all courses from April through September. Larvae (caterpillars or worms) of these insects caused some damage at several courses, but populations were easily controlled through insecticide applications. Damage caused by these pests was a combination of direct feeding by insect larvae, and damage caused by birds searching for larvae. Overall damage from insects was most significant in the period July 25 - August 8, 1994. This was apparently due to two factors: 1) high insect populations (both worm larvae and BTA larvae were present during this period) and 2) stressed turf due to hot weather. Bird damage was observed at all courses on greens and tees, especially in late July and early August. However, cutworm and armyworm larvae were sometimes difficult to find despite the bird damage. One possible explanation is that birds were searching for BTA grubs which were prevalent during this time period, rather than for cutworms and armyworms. Because BTA grubs are rarely seen on turf (they are very small and feed in the thatch/soil interface) the damage they cause may erroneously be attributed to cutworms. The population models currently available for prediction of BTA and black cutworm development were designed for temperate climates where average air temperatures frequently dip below 32°F. For this reason these models were not applicable for Southern California where average air temperatures are rarely below 50°F. Until insect population models are developed, monitoring adults via black light traps will provide the most useful means of effectively timing insecticide applications. Attempts to monitor armyworm and cutworm larval populations via the soil drench method did not provide useful information for the purposes of timing insecticide applications. Black light trap counts of adults and monitoring for insect and/or bird damage were more reliable indicators of the presence of these pests. Other pest insects including sod webworms, variegated cutworms, masked chafers and May/June beetles were detectd at all participating courses, but caused no significant damage to turf in 1994. A second year of monitoring should be performed in 1995 to allow development of population models for armyworms, cutworms and BTA that can be utilized under Southern California climactic conditions to predict the timing of populations. The study should by conducted from 4/11/95 - 10/17/95." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 7 |
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| Note: | Tables |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Gelernter, W., L. Stowell, B. Darrock, R. Davies, B. Gallegos, M. Hathaway, et al. 1995. 1994 turf insect monitoring study. Turfgrass Res. Rep. p. 12-19. |
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