| |
| Web URL(s): | https://gsrpdf.lib.msu.edu/?file=/2000s/2002/020901.pdf
Last checked: 01/25/2017
Requires: PDF Reader |
|---|
| Publication Type:
| Professional |
|---|
| Author(s): | Skorulski, Jim |
|---|
| Author Affiliation: | USGA Agronomist |
|---|
| Title: | The greatest challenge |
|---|
| Source: | USGA Green Section Record. Vol. 40, No. 5, September/October 2002, p. 1-6. |
|---|
| Publishing Information: | Far Hills, NJ: United States Golf Association, Green Section |
|---|
| # of Pages: | 6 |
|---|
| Keywords: | TIC Keywords: Resistance; Costs; Winter injury; Snow molds; Ice injury; Desiccation; Suffocation; Cold resistance; Winterizing; Protective covers; Drainage; Golf courses
USGA Green Section Keywords: Golf Greens: Management; Winter Concerns
|
|---|
| Abstract/Contents: | Describes how "the two most widespread and devastating forms of winter injury [for turfgrasses] are associated with freeze injury and suffocation (anoxia)." Discusses the costs of repairing winter injury on turfgrass, both in monetary terms and in stress. Describes how "a basic understanding of the mechanisms behind freeze injury is necessary to develop a successful winter management program, yet the mechanisms are extremely complex and are not fully understood." Details how turf can become damaged when water freezes inside the plant due to exposure to extremely cold temperature. Describes how "water can also be pulled out of individual [plant] cells while ice crystals form around the cells" and these "cells die from desiccation if enough water is lost." Discusses how "suffocation or anoxia can also damage turf that is encased in ice or is under some type of impermeable cover for an extended period." Describes how "plants develop...[cold temperature] hardiness by storing carbohydrates in cells found in crown and root tissues" and "the level of cold-temperature hardiness obtained by the plant in fall is dependent on weather conditions." Discusses management practices that can be utilized to increase or maximize turf's hardiness. Describes how factors like "calendar date, weather conditions, and ice cover duration" affect the decision of when to remove snow and ice from turf. States that "a standard rule of thumb often used [in deciding when to remove ice] is to begin monitoring the condition of annual bluegrass that has been under ice cover for 40 days, and begin removal after 60 days or immediately if anoxic conditions are evident." Discusses methods of snow and ice removal. Describes the use of various kinds of turf covers in trying to prevent damage to turf. States that "the cover systems are not a guarantee that winter injury will be prevented," citing concerns about snow mold and anoxic conditions under the covers. Describes how "one of the surest and most economical steps to prevent winter damage is to correct poor growing environments." Suggests that limiting shade on turf, correcting surface drainage problems, and the establishment of more winter-tolerant grasses can help limit the damage on a golf course from winter injury. |
|---|
| Language: | English |
|---|
| References: | 6 |
|---|
| See Also: | See also related article "It's seventy degrees outside why is the course still closed" United States Golf Association website, May 24, 2012, p. [1-2], R=205221. R=205221 |
|---|
| Note: | Pictures, color
Chart |
|---|
| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Skorulski, J. 2002. The greatest challenge. USGA Green Sec. Rec. 40(5):p. 1-6. |
| Fastlink to access this record outside TGIF: https://tic.msu.edu/tgif/flink?recno=82076 |
| If there are problems with this record, send us feedback about record 82076. |
| Choices for finding the above item: |
|---|
| Web URL(s):
https://gsrpdf.lib.msu.edu/?file=/2000s/2002/020901.pdf
Last checked: 01/25/2017
Requires: PDF Reader |
| 
MSU catalog number: SB 433.15 .U84 |
| Request through your local library's inter-library loan service (bring or send a copy of this TGIF record) |
