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| Web URL(s): | http://www.sterf.org/Media/Get/1550/final-report
Last checked: 11/02/2017
Requires: PDF Reader |
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| Publication Type:
| Report |
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| Author(s): | Aamlid, Trygve S.;
Niemelainen, Oiva;
Rannikko, Maire;
Noteng, Olav;
Waldner, Michael;
Haugen, Terje;
Junnila, Sanni;
Pettersen, Trond;
Espevig, Tatsiana |
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| Author Affiliation: | Aamlid, Pettersen, and Espevig: The Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Bioforsk Øst Landvik; Niemelainen and Junnila: Agricultural Research Centre of Finland (MTT); Rannikko: HAMK University of Applied Sciences, Finland; Noteng: Byneset Golf Club, Norway; and Waldner: Losby Golf Club, Norway |
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| Title: | Evaluation of the plant growth regulator Primo MAXX (Trinexapac-ethyl) on Nordic golf courses: Results from the second evaluation year 2008 and recommendations |
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| Source: | Bioforsk Report. Vol. 4, No. 4, 2009, p. 1-28. |
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| Publishing Information: | s.l.: Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environmental Research Foundation (STERF) |
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| # of Pages: | 28 |
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| Keywords: | TIC Keywords: Application frequency; Application rates; Disease resistance; Growth regulator evaluation; Recommendations; Trinexapac-ethyl; Winter injury
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| Trade Names: | Primo Maxx |
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| Abstract/Contents: | "The plant growth regulator Primo MAXX® (trinexapac-ethyl) offers prospects for reduced mowing costs, lower CO2-emissions, better winter survival, and improved playing quality on turfgrass areas used for golf. As the second in a series of two, this report presents results and recommendations from the final year (2008) of a two year project evaluating Primo MAXX® on Nordic golf courses. The project was funded by the Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research Foundation (STERF) and Syngenta, and carried out by Bioforsk and MTT, the state agricultural research institutes in Norway and Finland, respectively. In addition to the official 'Good Experimental Practice' (GEP) trials needed for potential registration of Primo MAXX®, unreplicated demonstration trials were carried out on Norwegian Golf Courses under supervision of Bioforsk and with funding from the Norwegian Golf Federation (NGF). GEP trials established in 2007 on greens and fairways at Landvik, Norway (58°34'N, 8°52'E), and Lepaa, Finland (61°08'N, 24°20'E), were followed up by registrations of turfgrass winter damage in spring 2008. While no winter damage was observed at Landvik, monthly applications of Primo MAXX®, with the last application on 4 Oct. 2007, resulted in significantly less snow mold (Microdochium nivale) and tendencies to higher overall turfgrass appearance in both the green and fairway trial at Lepaa. New GEP trials were established on a creeping bentgrass green at Landvik and a Kentucky bluegrass / red fescue fairway at Lepaa in 2008. Because of the discoloration and post-suppression rebound effects reported in 2007, Primo MAXX® was applied more frequently and at lower rates than in 2007. In the green trial, weekly or biweekly applications of 0.15, 0.30 and 0.45 L ha-1 (17, 34 or 51 g a.i. trinexapacethyl ha-1) were compared with an unsprayed control treatment. On average for rates, frequencies and fifteen to seventeen observation dates, Primo MAXX® resulted in significantly lower clipping yield (-25%), significantly longer ball roll distance (+6%), and a tendency (P=0.07) to lower plant height (-16%) than on unsprayed control plots. Primo MAXX® gave significantly darker color, but had no effect on turfgrass overall appearance or density. Differences between application rates were not significant for any character, and differences between application frequencies were significant only for turfgrass color. In the new fairway trial at Lepaa, biweekly applications of Primo MAXX® resulted in significant reductions is clipping yields varying from 15% at the lowest (0.4 L ha-1) to 34% at the highest (1.2 L ha-1) rate. These reductions were accompanied by smaller, but significant reductions in plant height. The effects on turfgrass overall appearance, color or density were not significant. In demonstration trials on Norwegian golf courses, the average increases in ball roll distance from repeated application of 0.30 L ha-1 Primo MAXX® varied from 3 to 8%. An initial application at this rate resulted in discoloration in one out of three green trials, while initial applications of 0.8 and 1.0 L ha-1 resulted in loss of turfgrass quality in trials on a fairway and a semirough, respectively. These effects were temporary as the turfgrass recovered within 3-4 weeks and sometimes acquired better quality than in the unsprayed control treatment after the second application. In conclusion, we consider the documentation presented in this report to be sufficient to recommend Primo MAXX® being labeled for use on Nordic golf courses. We suggest that the following rates and application frequencies be printed on the label." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 13 |
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| See Also: | See also related report "Evaluation of plant growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl (Primo MAXX) on Nordic golf courses" Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research Foundation Research and Development Yearbook 2007, 2007, p. 18-19, R=174465. R=174465
See also related report "Evaluation of plant growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl (Primo MAXX) on Nordic golf courses" Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research Foundation Research and Development Yearbook 2008, 2008, p. 18-19, R=170164. R=170164
See also related report "Evaluation of plant growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl (Primo MAXX) on Nordic golf courses" Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research Foundation Research and Development Yearbook 2009, 2009, p. 16-17, R=180307. R=180307
See also related report, Evaluation of the Plant Growth Regulator Primo MAXX (Trinexapac-Ethyl) on Nordic Golf Courses: Results from the First Evaluation Year 2007, 2008, R=288787. R=288787
See also related summary, Evaluation of the Plant Growth Regulator Trinexapac-Ethyl (Primo Maxx) on Nordic Golf Courses, [2009], R=288773. R=288773 |
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| Note: | Map
Pictures, color
Tables
Graphs |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Aamlid, T. S., O. Niemelainen, M. Rannikko, O. Noteng, M. Waldner, T. Haugen, et al. 2009. Evaluation of the plant growth regulator Primo MAXX (Trinexapac-ethyl) on Nordic golf courses: Results from the second evaluation year 2008 and recommendations. Bioforsk Report. 4(4):p. 1-28. |
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