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| Web URL(s): | http://www.sterf.org/Media/Get/1551/annual-report-2007
Last checked: 11/02/2017
Requires: PDF Reader |
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| Publication Type:
| Report |
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| Author(s): | Aamlid, Trygve S.;
Niemelainen, Oiva;
Rannikko, Maire;
Haugen, Terje;
Junnila, Sanni;
Espevig, Tatsiana;
Susort, Åge |
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| Author Affiliation: | Aamlid, Espevig, and Susort: The Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Bioforsk Øst Landvik; Niemelainen and Junnila: Agricultural Research Centre of Finland (MTT); Rannikko: HAMK University of Applied Sciences, Finland; and Haugen: Ballerud Golf, Norway |
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| Title: | Evaluation of the plant growth regulator Primo MAXX (Trinexapac-ethyl) on Nordic golf courses: Results from the first evaluation year 2007 |
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| Source: | Bioforsk Report. 2008, p. 1-30. |
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| Publishing Information: | s.l.: Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environmental Research Foundation (STERF) |
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| # of Pages: | 30 |
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| Keywords: | TIC Keywords: Application frequency; Application rates; Growth regulator evaluation; Mowing frequency; Recommendations; Trinexapac-ethyl; Turfgrass quality
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| Trade Names: | Primo Maxx |
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| Abstract/Contents: | "As an inhibitor of the last step in plant synthesis of bioactive gibberellin (GA1), the plant growth regulator Primo MAXX® (trinexapac-ethyl) offers prospects of reduced energy use for mowing and improved turfgrass quality under Nordic long day conditions. This report presents first year results from a two year project evaluating Primo MAXX® on Nordic golf courses. The project was funded by the Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research Foundation (STERF) and Syngenta and carried out by Bioforsk and MTT, the state agricultural research institutes in Norway and Finland, respectively. In addition to the official 'Good Experimental Practice' (GEP) trials needed for possible registration of Primo MAXX® , unreplicated demonstration trials were carried out at Ballerud and Bogstad Golf Courses in Oslo under supervision of Bioforsk and with funding from the Norwegian Golf Federation (NGF). GEP trials on fairways (mowing height 12-18 mm) were carried out at Bioforsk Landvik, Norway (58° 34'N, 8° 52'E) and at the Lepaa Unit of the HAMK University of Applied Sciences, Finland (61° 08'N, 24° 20'E). Primo MAXX® was applied at monthly intervals at rates 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 l/ha (56.5, 113, 169.5, 226 and 339 g a.i./ha trinexapac-ethyl) in comparison with an unsprayed control treatment. Turfgrass general appearance, tiller density, colour, height growth, and clipping yields were recorded two and four weeks after each application. Primo MAXX® had no effect on turfgrass general appearance but increased density at Lepaa. At Landvik, Primo MAXX® (>= 1.0 l/ha) reduced turfgrass general appearance and density, but resulted in significantly darker green colour. Quality reductions were most apparent during periods with either daily maximum temperatures >25° C, extreme rainfall probably causing nitrogen deficiency, or frost at night. Average reductions in clipping yield caused by Primo MAXX® (>= 1.0 l/ha) were 8 % in the GEP trial at Landvik, 18 % in the GEP trial at Lepaa and 37 % in the demonstration trial at Ballerud; to some extent this difference may be due to different botanical composition with red fescue (Festuca rubra) and annual meadowgrass (Poa annua) being the predominant species at Landvik and Ballerud, respectively. Clipping yield reductions due to Primo MAXX® were unstable, growth suppression two weeks after application often being followed by a rebound effect during the remaining two weeks until next application. A GEP trial on creeping bentgrass putting greens was carried out at Lepaa, Finland, and demonstration trials at Ballerud and Bogstad, Norway. Primo MAXX® was sprayed at rates 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 or 0.8 l/ha at monthly intervals in the GEP trial, and at 0.4 l/ha every three weeks in the demonstration trials. On average for all observations, Primo MAXX® had no effect on turfgrass quality, but clipping yields were reduced by 16, 44 and 26% at Lepaa, Ballerud and Bogstad, respectively. As in the fairway trials, growth suppression at Lepaa was stronger when assessed at two than at four weeks after application. By contrast, Primo MAXX® produced a fairly stable effect when applied at three week intervals in the demonstration trials. Use of Primo MAXX® on golf course roughs was investigated only in a demonstration trial at Ballerud. Application of 2.2 l/ha of Primo MAXX® every seven weeks resulted in discolouration and reduced quality of smooth meadow grass. In conclusion, the first year of this project has shown that the guidelines for use of Primo MAXX® in other European countries are not directly applicable in Scandinavia. As the present results are too limited to apply for registration of Primo MAXX® , the project will continue in 2008 tentatively with new trials investigating application of Primo MAXX® at lower rates, but higher frequencies. Improved winter stress tolerance would be a convincing argument for registration of Primo MAXX® in the Nordic countries, and the on-going trials will therefore be followed by an assessment of effects of the last Primo MAXX® applications in September or October 2007 on winter survival and spring recovery." |
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| Language: | English |
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| References: | 14 |
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| See Also: | See also related report "Evaluation of plant growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl (Primo MAXX) on Nordic golf courses" Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research Foundation Research and Development Yearbook 2007, 2007, p. 18-19, R=174465. R=174465
See also related report "Evaluation of plant growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl (Primo MAXX) on Nordic golf courses" Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research Foundation Research and Development Yearbook 2008, 2008, p. 18-19, R=170164. R=170164
See also related report "Evaluation of plant growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl (Primo MAXX) on Nordic golf courses" Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research Foundation Research and Development Yearbook 2009, 2009, p. 16-17, R=180307. R=180307
See also related summary, Evaluation of the Plant Growth Regulator Trinexapac-Ethyl (Primo Maxx) on Nordic Golf Courses, [2009], R=288773. R=288773
See also final report, Evaluation of the Plant Growth Regulator Primo MAXX (Trinexapac-ethyl) on Nordic Golf Courses: Results from the Second Evaluation Year 2008 and Recommendations, 2009, R=288778. R=288778 |
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| Note: | Pictures, color
Tables
Graphs |
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| ASA/CSSA/SSSA Citation (Crop Science-Like - may be incomplete):
Aamlid, T. S., O. Niemelainen, M. Rannikko, T. Haugen, S. Junnila, T. Espevig, et al. 2008. Evaluation of the plant growth regulator Primo MAXX (Trinexapac-ethyl) on Nordic golf courses: Results from the first evaluation year 2007. Bioforsk Report. p. 1-30. |
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